汽车尾气净化三效催化剂中N2O和NH3的生成及控制研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1346

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

N₂O和NH₃的排放主要来自于机动车尾气排放。本文总结了近十几年来轻型汽油车N₂O和NH₃排放的研究进展，阐述了两种气态污染副产物在三效催化剂中的形成机理，通过对影响N₂O和NH₃生成的贵金属种类和含量、载体材料、不同气体组成和浓度、老化条件、不同车辆及测试工况、反应温度等主要影响因素的综述，总结了各要素对N₂O和NH₃形成的影响，得出N₂O和NH₃主要在富燃条件下冷启动阶段生成，NO的解离在N₂O和NH₃的生成中起关键作用；影响N₂O和NH₃生成的各因素之间相互关联，相互影响；催化剂的老化增加N₂O和NH₃的排放；贵金属Rh比Pd和Pt更有利于N₂O和NH₃的分解等结论。发动机、后处理策略系统的升级、更合适测试循环的开发以及催化剂的优化可以进一步降低N₂O和NH₃的排放。

关键词: 尾气净化, 三效催化剂, 氨（NH₃）, 一氧化二氮（N₂O）, 生成与控制, 形成机理

Abstract:

It has been proven that the emissions of N₂O and NH₃ are mainly from automobile exhaust. The research progress of N₂O and NH₃ emissions from light gasoline vehicles in last decade is summarized in the paper. The formation mechanism of the two gaseous pollutants in three-way catalysts is described, and the effects of various factors(the types and contents of noble metals, carrier, different gas composition and concentration, aging condition, different vehicle and test conditions, reaction temperature, et al) on their formation are summarized. It is concluded that N₂O and NH₃ are mainly generated in the cold start phase under rich conditions, and the dissociation of NO plays a key role in the formation of N₂O and NH₃. The factors affecting N₂O and NH₃ generation are interrelated each other, and N₂O and NH₃ emissions increased after catalyst aging. In addition, Rh gives better decomposition of N₂O and NH₃ than Pd and Pt catalyst. The upgrades of engine and strategy of after-treatment system, development of suitable test cycle, optimization of catalyst can further reduce the emission of N₂O and NH₃.

Key words: exhaust gas purification, three-way catalyst, ammonia, nitrous oxide, formation and control, formation mechanism

中图分类号:

O643.36

郑婷婷, 王国栋, 顾绍晶, 王成雄, 杨冬霞, 陆炳, 葛蕴珊, 赵云昆. 汽车尾气净化三效催化剂中N₂O和NH₃的生成及控制研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(6): 2399-2410.

Tingting ZHENG, Guodong WANG, Shaojing GU, Chengxiong WANG, Dongxia YANG, Bing LU, Yunshan GE, Yunkun ZHAO. Research progress on the formation and control of N₂O and NH₃ in automotive three-way catalyst[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(6): 2399-2410.

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汽车尾气净化三效催化剂中N₂O和NH₃的生成及控制研究进展

Research progress on the formation and control of N₂O and NH₃ in automotive three-way catalyst

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