铁碳微电解处理印染废水的效能及生物毒性变化

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0797

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了提高铁碳微电解工艺处理实际印染废水的效率，采用响应面法进行工艺条件优化。以COD去除率为响应值，初始pH、铁投加量、铁碳质量比及反应时间为实验因素，构建响应面模型，分析模型的显著性。结果表明：当初始pH为3.53、铁投加量为83.92g/L、铁碳质量比为0.82及反应时间为78.48min时，COD去除率的预测值为75.25%，与实测值相差0.23%（＜2%），可以利用该模型预测COD去除率的变化。同时采用大肠杆菌对铁碳微电解工艺进出水的生物毒性进行检测，与进水组相比，出水组中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量由对照组的2.13倍下降至对照组的1.64倍，同时活性氧物质（ROS）产生水平由对照组的19.26倍下降至对照组的4.81倍，细胞死亡率由98.1%下降至61.5%，对数期由5h延长至9h，且BOD₅/COD从0.151升至0.416，因此铁碳微电解工艺具有降低印染废水生物毒性的作用。

关键词: 铁碳微电解, 废水, 模型, 优化设计, 生物毒性

Abstract:

In order to improve the efficiency of the actual dye wastewater treatment by the iron-carbon micro-electrolysis process, the response surface method was used to optimize the process conditions. A response surface model was constructed and the significance of the model was analyzed when removal efficiency of COD was used as response value and initial pH, iron dosage, iron-carbon mass ratio and reaction time were used as experimental factors. The results showed that when the initial pH was 3.53, the iron dosage was 83.92g/L, the iron-carbon mass ratio was 0.82 and the reaction time was 78.48min, the predicted COD removal efficiency was 75.25%. The deviation was 0.23% (＜2%) compared with the measured value. The model can be used to predict the change of COD removal efficiency. The biotoxicity of the influent and effluent in the iron-carbon microelectrolysis process was tested by E.coli. Compared with the influent group, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the effluent group decreased from 2.13 times to 1.64 times in the control group, while the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) decreased from 19.26 times to 4.81 times in the control group. The cell death rate decreased from 98.1% to 61.5%, and the growth phase was extended from 5h to 9h, and the BOD₅/COD rose from 0.151 to 0.416. Therefore, the iron-carbon microelectrolysis process has the effect of reducing the biological toxicity of dye wastewater.

Key words: ferric-carbon micro-electrolysis, waste water, model, optimal design, biological toxicity

中图分类号:

X523

贾艳萍,张真,毕朕豪,张健,张兰河. 铁碳微电解处理印染废水的效能及生物毒性变化[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(2): 790-797.

Yanping JIA,Zhen ZHANG,Zhenhao BI,Jian ZHANG,Lanhe ZHANG. Efficiency and biological toxicity of iron-carbon microelectrolysis in treatment of the dye wastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(2): 790-797.

图/表 13

表1 实际印染废水水质指标

水质	颜色	COD/mg·L^-1	TOC	$N H_{4}^{+} - N$ /mg·L^-1	浊度/NTU	色度/倍	BOD₅/COD	pH	味道
印染废水	鲜红色	1288±100	107.8±10	10.9±4	112.4±3.2	345.2±15	0.151	4.58±1	刺激性酸臭味

表1 实际印染废水水质指标

水质	颜色	COD/mg·L^-1	TOC	$N H_{4}^{+} - N$ /mg·L^-1	浊度/NTU	色度/倍	BOD₅/COD	pH	味道
印染废水	鲜红色	1288±100	107.8±10	10.9±4	112.4±3.2	345.2±15	0.151	4.58±1	刺激性酸臭味

图1 铁碳微电解工艺流程1—进水水箱；2—水泵；3—承托层；4—铁碳反应区；5—电动搅拌器；6—取样口；7—管道混合器；8—沉淀池；9—出水阀；10—排泥阀

图2 单因素对COD去除率的影响

表2 响应面实验因素及水平设计表

编码	因素	水平
编码	因素	-1	0	1
A	初始pH	2	4	6
B	铁投加量/g·L^-1	60	80	100
C	铁碳质量比	0.6	0.8	1
D	反应时间/min	60	90	120

表3 响应面实验组次设计结果

序号	变量取值				COD去除率/%
序号	A	B	C	D	COD去除率/%
1	-1	1	0	0	69.83
2	0	1	0	1	62.27
3	0	0	0	0	75.28
4	0	0	-1	1	68.28
5	-1	0	-1	0	71.91
6	0	1	-1	0	69.70
7	1	0	-1	0	67.29
8	0	-1	0	-1	66.49
9	0	0	0	0	75.35
10	1	-1	0	0	67.60
11	1	0	1	0	69.97
12	0	0	-1	-1	70.20
13	1	1	0	0	66.51
14	0	0	1	-1	73.37
15	1	0	0	1	66.61
16	-1	0	1	0	71.05
17	-1	0	0	1	68.91
18	0	0	0	0	74.40
19	1	0	0	-1	68.65
20	0	-1	-1	0	66.25
21	0	1	0	-1	71.93
22	0	1	1	0	68.55
23	-1	-1	0	0	65.96
24	0	0	0	0	74.68
25	-1	0	0	-1	72.05
26	0	0	1	1	70.55
27	0	0	0	0	73.98
28	0	-1	0	1	65.96
29	0	-1	1	0	68.21

表4 COD去除率（响应值Y）模型方差分析

变差来源	平方和	自由度	均方和	F	P	显著性
模型	280.22	14	20.02	19.12	＜0.0001	极显著
A	14.26	1	14.26	13.62	0.0024	极显著
B	5.77	1	5.77	5.51	0.0341	显著
C	3.07	1	3.07	2.93	0.1088	不显著
D	27.33	1	27.33	26.11	0.0002	极显著
AB	6.15	1	6.15	5.88	0.0295	显著
AC	3.13	1	3.13	2.99	0.1056	不显著
AD	0.30	1	0.30	0.29	0.5993	不显著
BC	4.22	1	4.22	4.03	0.0643	不显著
BD	25.65	1	25.65	24.51	0.0002	极显著
CD	0.90	1	0.90	0.86	0.3689	不显著
A²	53.52	1	53.52	51.12	＜0.0001	极显著
B²	146.80	1	146.80	140.23	＜0.0001	极显著
C²	14.57	1	14.57	13.92	0.0022	极显著
D²	49.27	1	49.27	47.07	＜0.0001	极显著
残差	14.66	14	1.05
失拟项	13.30	10	1.33	3.91	0.1004	不显著
误差	1.36	4	0.34
合计	294.88	28
标准偏差（Std. Dev.）		1.02		相关系数（R-Squared）		0.9503
平均值（Mean）		69.82		校正决定系数（Adj R-Squared）		0.9006
变异系数（C.V. %）		1.47		预测相关系数（Pred R-Squared）		0.7331
压力系数（PRESS）		78.71		信噪比（Adeq Precision）		14.761

图3 COD去除率实测值与预测值的对比

图4 COD去除率摄动图

图5 不同因素对COD去除率影响的响应面三维图

图6 LDH释放量对比

图7 ROS产生水平对比

图8 生长曲线对比

图9 菌落对比

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