生物质焦油处理方法研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2016-2292

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物质气化技术是目前常见的生物质能转化技术，其过程中产生的焦油不仅有腐蚀设备、堵塞管道、造成二次污染等危害，而且会降低生物质气化效率。文章介绍了生物质焦油的组成、危害及其处理方法，重点介绍了最近几年里催化裂解法和等离子体法处理焦油的研究进展，并比较了不同方法的优缺点。物理法具有设备和操作流程简单的优点，但存在焦油自身能量得不到利用和二次污染等问题。热裂解法可将焦油转化为气体，具有增加产品气能量含量的优点，但对操作温度的要求高，耗费较大。催化裂解法的温度低于热裂解法，是目前研究最活跃的领域，但仍普遍存在催化剂稳定性差、易失活、价格高等难题。等离子体法是近年来新兴的焦油处理方法，包括冷等离子体法和热等离子体法。其中，热等离子体法具有高温、高焓、高电子密度的特点，为生物质焦油处理技术的发展提供了新的可能。

关键词: 生物质, 焦油, 合成气, 热解, 等离子体

Abstract: Biomass gasification is a common technology of converting biomass into energy.The tar produced in the process of biomass gasification not only leads to equipment corrosion,pipeline blockage and secondary pollution,but also reduces the efficiency of biomass gasification.The classification,potential hazard and treatment methods of biomass tar are reviewed in this paper,with a focus on the recent research progress of catalytic cracking and plasma treatment methods.The advantages and disadvantages of different methods were compared.Physical method has the advantages of simple devices and easy operation,but the energy is not fully utilized and the secondary pollution exists.Thermal cracking can convert tar into gas and increase the energy of the produced gas,however,the process needs high temperature and cost.Having the lower temperature than thermal cracking,the catalytic cracking is the most active field in tar treatment,but the catalysts have the disadvantages of poor stability,easy deactivation,high cost etc.Plasma methods include cold plasma method and thermal plasma method,which are newly developed treatment methods of biomass tar in recent years.Possessing the characteristics of high temperature,high enthalpy and high electron density,the thermal plasma method provides new opportunity for the development of biomass tar processing technology.

Key words: biomass, tar, syngas, pyrolysis, plasma

中图分类号:

S216.2

李乐豪, 闻光东, 杨启炜, 张铭, 邢华斌, 苏宝根, 任其龙. 生物质焦油处理方法研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(07): 2407-2416.

LI Lehao, WEN Guangdong, YANG Qiwei, ZHANG Ming, XING Huabin, SU Baogen, REN Qilong. Advance in the treatment methods of biomass tar[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(07): 2407-2416.

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