CDs/g-C3N4异质结构筑及其在光催化领域的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1359

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (10): 5751-5763.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1359

• 工业催化 • 上一篇

CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结构筑及其在光催化领域的应用

张亚婷¹^,²(), 马小梅¹, 李可可¹, 贾嘉¹, 陈萌¹, 代亮¹, 高希桐¹

^1.西安科技大学化学与化工学院，陕西西安 710054
^2.自然资源部煤炭资源勘查与综合利用重点实验室，陕西西安 710018

收稿日期:2024-08-19 修回日期:2024-11-20 出版日期:2025-10-25 发布日期:2025-11-10
通讯作者: 张亚婷
作者简介:张亚婷（1972—），女，博士，教授，博士生导师，研究方向为功能炭材料与纳米能源材料制备与应用、二氧化碳光电还原和氧还原催化剂、锂（钠）离子电池和超级电容器电极材料。E-mail：zhangyt@xust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(22308275);陕西省基础研究计划(22JK0456);西安科技大学人才引进项目(2050124069)

Recent advances on CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure: Construction and photocatalytic application

ZHANG Yating¹^,²(), MA Xiaomei¹, LI Keke¹, JIA Jia¹, CHEN Meng¹, DAI Liang¹, GAO Xitong¹

^1.College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Coal Resources Exploration and Comprehensive Utilization, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi’an 710018, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-08-19 Revised:2024-11-20 Online:2025-10-25 Published:2025-11-10
Contact: ZHANG Yating

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

碳点（CDs）与石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）异质结的构建，可以有效提高g-C₃N₄的光吸收范围，增强光生电子-空穴的分离效率，从而提高g-C₃N₄的光催化性能。本文综述了CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结的最新研究进展，首先，归纳了半导体异质结的类型、电荷转移机制及其光催化作用机理；其次，对比总结了CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结的构筑策略，深入探讨了CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结的光生载流子分离效率、光捕获范围以及带隙对光催化性能的影响，分析了CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结在光催化制氢、还原CO₂以及降解污染物方面的应用；最后，总结了目前CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结在结构设计及反应机制存在的问题，展望了CDs/g-C₃N₄光催化剂未来在太阳能转化、环境治理以及生物医药方面的广阔前景，为CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结的构建及在光催化领域的研究提供新思路。

关键词: 光化学, 催化剂, 异质结, 制氢, 二氧化碳捕集, 降解

Abstract:

The construction of carbon dots (CDs) and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄) heterojunction can effectively enhance the light absorption range of g-C₃N₄, increase the efficiency of photoelectron-hole separation, and thus improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C₃N₄. This review summarizes the latest research progress of the CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction, including the types of semiconductor heterojunctions, charge transfer mechanisms, and photocatalytic action mechanisms. Secondly, different construction strategies of the CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction were compared, and the influences of photogenerated charge carrier separation efficiency, light capture range, and bandgap on the photocatalytic performance were discussed, and the applications of the CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterojunction in photocatalytic hydrogen production, CO₂ reduction, and pollutant degradation were introduced. Finally, the problems in the structure design and reaction mechanism analysis of CDs/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts were pointed out, and the broad prospects of CDs/g-C₃N₄ photocatalysts in solar energy conversion, environmental governance, and biomedicine were given.

Key words: photochemistry, catalyst, heterojunction, hydrogen production, CO₂ capture, degradation

中图分类号:

TQ032.4

张亚婷, 马小梅, 李可可, 贾嘉, 陈萌, 代亮, 高希桐. CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结构筑及其在光催化领域的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(10): 5751-5763.

ZHANG Yating, MA Xiaomei, LI Keke, JIA Jia, CHEN Meng, DAI Liang, GAO Xitong. Recent advances on CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure: Construction and photocatalytic application[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(10): 5751-5763.

图/表 11

图1 石墨相氮化碳结构[11]

图2 碳点的分类和相应结构示意图[17]

图3 光催化基本原理示意图[21]e-—光生电子；h+—光生空穴；hv—光子的能量；CB—导带；VB—价带；Eg—带隙

图4 三种传统异质结的示意图[15]

图5 p-n型异质结光催化剂光生载流子传递机理示意图[31]Ef—费米能级

图6 Z型异质结作用机制[34]

图7 S型异质结载流子传递机理图[35]

表1 不同合成方法的优缺点

合成方法	优点	缺点
机械混合法	碳点结构完整	碳点容易脱落、分布不均匀
超声波辅助法	碳点分布均匀、负载率可调	石墨相氮化碳形貌发生变化
静电自组装法	碳点结构完整、分布均匀	适用于电荷相反的碳点和石墨相氮化碳
煅烧法	碳点与石墨相氮化碳结合紧密	碳点电子和光学性质减弱
水热法	碳点结构完整且与石墨相氮化碳结合紧密	需要高压高温条件

图8 xCQDs/Cl/3DOM-CN等复合材料的表征[61]

图9 BCCN等复合材料的表征[65]

图10 RTPCDs@g-C3N4等复合材料的表征[72]

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CDs/g-C₃N₄异质结构筑及其在光催化领域的应用

Recent advances on CDs/g-C₃N₄ heterostructure: Construction and photocatalytic application

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