有机太阳能电池阴极界面材料研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2023

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在过去几十年中，有机太阳能电池（OSC）由于其创新的材料设计和优化的器件结构取得了巨大的研究进展，目前单结OSC的能量转换效率已经超过了20%。界面工程是一种提高器件效率的关键手段，主要通过修饰OSC不同组分之间的界面性质和提高电荷传输效率来实现，已成为推动器件性能提升的重要部分。理解界面层的内在工作机制以及与器件性能和长期稳定性相关的物理化学过程至关重要。在本文中，重点讨论了阴极界面工程在开发高性能OSC中的多方面应用和研究进展，着重于界面材料、界面处理技术和后处理工艺。首先，总结了阴极界面层（CIL）的特定功能及其相应的设计原则。然后，从单结OSC的CIL分类出发讨论了界面工程对器件效率和稳定性提升的作用机理，详细介绍了各种新型阴极界面传输材料的开发设计工作。最后，针对界面工程大面积、高性能和低成本器件制备应用过程面临的挑战和前景进行了讨论。

关键词: 有机太阳能电池, 阴极界面层, 界面工程, 界面性质, 能量转化效率

Abstract:

Organic solar cells (OSC) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 20% for single-junction OSC devices. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSC and improving charge transfer efficiency, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this review, the advances and multiple aspects regarding to cathode interface engineering for developing high-performance OSC were highlighted, focusing on interfacial materials, interface processing techniques and post-treatment. Firstly, the specific functions and corresponding design principles of cathode interface layers (CIL) were summarized. Then, starting from the classification of the CIL of single-junction OSC, the mechanism of interface engineering to enhance the efficiency and stability of the device was discussed, and the development and design of various types of new cathode interfacial materials were introduced in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering were discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance and low-cost device manufacturing.

Key words: organic solar cells, cathode interface layer, interface engineering, interface property, power conversion efficiency

中图分类号:

TM914.4

赵勇, 赵渊, 黄澎. 有机太阳能电池阴极界面材料研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3524-3540.

ZHAO Yong, ZHAO Yuan, HUANG Peng. Research progress of cathode interface materials for organic solar cells[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3524-3540.

图/表 12

图1 有机太阳能电池的组分以及应用场景

图2 不同类型的OSC结构示意图

图3 OSC阴极界面层工作原理示意图[17]

图4 OSC效率发展和器件材料、设计策略等研究领域分布占比[3,5,9-10,17]

图5 有机阴极界面分子结构示意图

图6 官能化PDI和NDI基界面分子的基本性质及其在OSC中的性能

图7 界面分子的基本性质及其与经典CIM共混的相互作用机理示意图

图8 经典无机阴极界面材料的研究策略

图9 溶胶-凝胶法制备ZnO的工艺路线及其作为CIL在OSC中的性能

图10 无机界面材料的制备工艺、基本性质、杂化机理及其在OSC中的性能

图11 新型有机阴极界面分子结构示意图

图12 新型阴极界面材料分子设计思路及其在OSC的性能

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