单级固定床生物膜反应器主流厌氧氨氧化快速启动性能

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0541

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

主流厌氧氨氧化（Anammox）是城市污水脱氮的热点和难点问题。本研究采用单级固定床生物膜反应器（SFBR）处理模拟城市污水，通过间歇运行切换和微氧（DO：0.4~0.7mg/L）控制，65天后成功启动Anammox。系统对氨氮和总氮去除率分别达98.8%和92.6%。此时生物膜结构致密，呈现红色。微生物活性测试发现，厌氧氨氧化菌活性在所有功能菌活性中最高。高通量测序证实厌氧氨氧化菌（Candidatus Brocadia）、短程反硝化菌（Thauera）和硝化菌（Nitrospira）共存，而未检测到氨氧化菌。amoA功能基因扩增子测序进一步分析表明，Nitrospira实际为全程氨氧化菌（Comammox）。因此，系统是在具有氧分层的生物膜内通过全程硝化/短程反硝化/厌氧氨氧化途径耦合实现城市污水脱氮。研究结果为主流Anammox快速实现提供了一种新的工艺思路。

关键词: 生物膜, 固定床, 反应器, 主流厌氧氨氧化, 快速启动, 脱氮

Abstract:

Mainstream anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a hotspot and difficulty issue for nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater. In this study, a single-stage fixed-bed biofilm reactor (SFBR) was used to treat simulated municipal wastewater. By switching from intermittent operation and controlling low-oxygen (DO: 0.4—0.7mg/L), mainstream Anammox was successfully started up after 65 days, and the system achieved removal efficiencies of ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen up to 98.8% and 92.6%, respectively. At this moment, the biofilm structure was dense and appeared red. Microbial activity test showed that the activity of Anammox bacteria (SAA) was the highest among all the functional bacteria. High-throughput sequencing confirmed that the co-existence of Anammox genus (Candidatus Brocadia), partial denitrification genus (Thauera) and nitrifying genus (Nitrospira), but ammonia oxidizing bacteria was not detected. Further analysis of the amoA functional gene amplicon indicated that Nitrospira was actually complete ammonia oxidizing (Comammox) bacteria. Therefore, the system achieved nitrogen removal from municipal wastewater through the coupled pathway of complete nitrification/partial denitrification/Anammox within an oxygen-stratified biofilm. These study findings provided a new process idea for the rapid realization of mainstream Anammox.

Key words: biofilm, fixed-bed, reactor, mainstream Anammox, rapid start-up, nitrogen removal

中图分类号:

X703

海岩, 周鑫, 李艳. 单级固定床生物膜反应器主流厌氧氨氧化快速启动性能[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(4): 2201-2209.

HAI Yan, ZHOU Xin, LI Yan. Rapid start-up performance of mainstream Anammox in a single-stage fixed-bed biofilm reactor[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(4): 2201-2209.

图/表 9

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阶段	时间/d	NH₄⁺-N /mg·L^-1	COD /mg·L^-1	C/N	DO/mg·L^-1	HRT /h	运行方式
Ⅰ	1~17	50	350	7	0.4~0.85	24	间歇
Ⅱ	18~32	50	150	3	0.4~0.65	36	间歇
Ⅲ	32~36	50	150	3	0.4~0.6	24	间歇
Ⅳ	37~65	50	150	3	0.4~0.7	24	连续

阶段	时间/d	NH₄⁺-N /mg·L^-1	COD /mg·L^-1	C/N	DO/mg·L^-1	HRT /h	运行方式
Ⅰ	1~17	50	350	7	0.4~0.85	24	间歇
Ⅱ	18~32	50	150	3	0.4~0.65	36	间歇
Ⅲ	32~36	50	150	3	0.4~0.6	24	间歇
Ⅳ	37~65	50	150	3	0.4~0.7	24	连续

反应器	启动时间/d	进水NH₄⁺-N/mg·L^-1	进水NO₂^--N/mg·L^-1	NRE/%	进水COD/mg·L^-1	HRT/h	参考文献
MBBR	89	35~50	—	36.3	45.5~65	—	[12]
IFAS	60	50	0	47.1	50	18	[13]
A/O 生物膜	115	60.5	—	80.0	157.3	—	[14]
SBBR	68	50.0	0	90.4	100	24	[10]
SBR	67	43.2~74.3	0~0.5	—	130.6~241.5	8	[15]
AnSBBR	40	21.6	28.4	90.1	0	24	[11]
SFBR	65	50	0	92.3	150	24	本研究

反应器	启动时间/d	进水NH₄⁺-N/mg·L^-1	进水NO₂^--N/mg·L^-1	NRE/%	进水COD/mg·L^-1	HRT/h	参考文献
MBBR	89	35~50	—	36.3	45.5~65	—	[12]
IFAS	60	50	0	47.1	50	18	[13]
A/O 生物膜	115	60.5	—	80.0	157.3	—	[14]
SBBR	68	50.0	0	90.4	100	24	[10]
SBR	67	43.2~74.3	0~0.5	—	130.6~241.5	8	[15]
AnSBBR	40	21.6	28.4	90.1	0	24	[11]
SFBR	65	50	0	92.3	150	24	本研究

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