典型炉排炉和流化床垃圾焚烧飞灰及螯合产物的重金属浸出毒性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0502

化工进展 ›› 2024, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 1630-1636.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0502

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

典型炉排炉和流化床垃圾焚烧飞灰及螯合产物的重金属浸出毒性

郑钰¹(), 李靖杰², 张宇峰³, 赵梦琦², 张娜², 周澳¹, 于伟¹, 谭厚章¹, 王学斌¹()

^1.西安交通大学能源与动力工程学院，陕西西安 710049
^2.西安白鹿原益恒环境能源有限公司，陕西西安 710038
^3.中圣环境科技发展有限公司，陕西西安 710000

收稿日期:2023-03-31 修回日期:2023-06-08 出版日期:2024-03-10 发布日期:2024-04-11
通讯作者: 王学斌
作者简介:郑钰（2000—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为固废资源化处置。E-mail：zhengyu0127@stu.xjtu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
科技部重点研发计划：政府间国际科技创新合作项目（丹麦）(2021YFE0107300);国家自然科学基金(52376125)

Heavy metal leaching toxicity of typical grate furnace/fluidized bed furnace waste incineration fly ash and their chelated products

ZHENG Yu¹(), LI Jingjie², ZHANG Yufeng³, ZHAO Mengqi², ZHANG Na², ZHOU Ao¹, YU Wei¹, TAN Houzhang¹, WANG Xuebin¹()

^1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^2.Xi’an Bailuyuan Environmental Energy Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710038, Shaanxi, China
^3.Zhongsheng Environmental Technology Development Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-03-31 Revised:2023-06-08 Online:2024-03-10 Published:2024-04-11
Contact: WANG Xuebin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

垃圾焚烧飞灰富含重金属、二英等污染物，属于危险废物，需进行无害化处理。目前国内生活垃圾焚烧厂广泛采用固化/稳定化+填埋的方式处置飞灰。对国内的炉排炉飞灰和流化床飞灰，以及两者的螯合产物进行取样，对比分析两种飞灰的特性、螯合前后的重金属浸出特性，利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线荧光光谱分析（XRF）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）等方法分析飞灰螯合前后差异对重金属稳定化的影响。研究发现，螯合可使流化床飞灰的重金属问题得到控制，而炉排炉螯合后飞灰中Cd重金属的浸出浓度仍存在超标问题，指出当前固化/稳定化方法处理飞灰存在不足，这种方法可通过水泥包裹使飞灰表面致密，一定程度上降低重金属的浸出，但化学药剂稳定重金属的效果不明显，不易于实现重金属的长期稳定，没有可持续发展潜力，为进一步有针对性地开展新型垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术研究提供借鉴参考。

关键词: 垃圾焚烧飞灰, 重金属, 固化/稳定化, 螯合

Abstract:

Fly ash from waste incineration is rich in heavy metals, dioxins and other pollutants, which is a hazardous waste and needs to be treated in an environmentally sound manner. At present, the solidification/stabilization + landfill method is widely used in domestic waste incineration plants to dispose of fly ash. In this paper, we sampled the domestic grate furnace waste fly ash and fluidized bed fly ash, and their chelated products. We compared and analyzed the characteristics of two types of fly ash, the leaching characteristics of heavy metals before and after chelation, and analyzed the effects of the differences between fly ash before and after chelation on the stabilization of heavy metals using XRD, XRF, and SEM methods. It was found that chelation can bring the heavy metal problem of fluidized bed fly ash under control and the leaching concentrations of Cd in the fly ash of grate furnace after chelation were still exceeded, pointing out the shortcomings of the current solidification/stabilization method for fly ash treatment. This method can make the fly ash surface dense by cement wrapping, which can reduce the leaching of heavy metals to a certain extent, but the effect of stabilizing heavy metals with chemicals was not obvious. Therefore it was not easy to achieve long-term stabilization of heavy metals and had no sustainable development potential. This paper can provide a reference for further research on new waste incineration fly ash disposal technologies in a targeted manner.

Key words: waste incineration fly ash, heavy metals, solidification/stabilization, chelation

中图分类号:

X705

郑钰, 李靖杰, 张宇峰, 赵梦琦, 张娜, 周澳, 于伟, 谭厚章, 王学斌. 典型炉排炉和流化床垃圾焚烧飞灰及螯合产物的重金属浸出毒性[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1630-1636.

ZHENG Yu, LI Jingjie, ZHANG Yufeng, ZHAO Mengqi, ZHANG Na, ZHOU Ao, YU Wei, TAN Houzhang, WANG Xuebin. Heavy metal leaching toxicity of typical grate furnace/fluidized bed furnace waste incineration fly ash and their chelated products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(3): 1630-1636.

图/表 7

参考文献 21

1	蒋旭光, 常威. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的处置及应用概况[J]. 浙江工业大学学报, 2015, 43(1): 7-17.
	JING Xuguang, CHANG Wei. Review for treatment and application of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology, 2015, 43(1): 7-17.
2	马懿, 郑仁栋, 周志昊, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处置技术与应用瓶颈[J]. 环境工程, 2022, 40(5): 237-243.
	MA Yi, ZHENG Rendong, ZHOU Zhihao, et al. Bottleneck and disposal technology of fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration[J]. Environmental Engineering, 2022, 40(5): 237-243.
3	国家统计局. 国际统计年鉴—2021[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2022.
	National Bureau of Statistics. International statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2022.
4	ZHANG Haiying, ZHAO Youcai, QI Jingyu. Characterization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerators in Shanghai[J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2010, 88(2): 114-124.
5	NGUYEN Thi Hue, PHAM Quoc Viet, NGUYEN Thi Phuong Mai, et al. Distribution characteristics and ecological risks of heavy metals in bottom ash, fly ash, and particulate matter released from municipal solid waste incinerators in northern Vietnam[J]. Environmental Geochemistry and Health, 2023, 45(5): 2579-2590.
6	竹涛, 种旭阳, 王若男, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰处理技术研究进展[J]. 洁净煤技术, 2022, 28(7): 189-201.
	ZHU Tao, CHONG Xuyang, WANG Ruonan, et al. Research progress on the treatment technology of municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[J]. Clean Coal Technology, 2022, 28(7): 189-201.
7	常威, 蒋旭光, 邱琪丽, 等. 螯合剂与水泥协同稳定垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属[J]. 环境工程学报, 2015, 9(12): 6019-6026.
	CHANG Wei, JIANG Xuguang, QIU Qili, et al. Compound stabilization of heavy metals in fly ash from municipal solid waste incineration using chelating agent and cement[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2015, 9(12): 6019-6026.
8	刘彦博, 商平, 刘汉桥, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰固化/稳定化实验研究[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2010, 18(2): 15-18.
	LIU Yanbo, SHANG Ping, LIU Hanqiao, et al. Experimental study on solidification/stabilization for fly ash from waste incineration[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2010, 18(2): 15-18.
9	杨彦, 孔昭健. 螯合剂处理生活垃圾焚烧飞灰的稳定化技术研究与实践[J]. 有色冶金节能, 2019, 35(4): 55-59.
	YANG Yan, KONG Zhaojian. Study and practice on stabilization technology of the treatment of fly ash from MSW incineration by chelating agent[J]. Energy Saving of Nonferrous Metallurgy, 2019, 35(4): 55-59.
10	刘引, 杨为中, 孙晓龙, 等. 无机试剂无害化处理垃圾焚烧飞灰的研究[J]. 环境科学导刊, 2015, 34(5): 72-77.
	LIU Yin, YANG Weizhong, SUN Xiaolong, et al. Experimental study of heavy metal stabilization in fly ash of waste combustion using inorganic reagents[J]. Environmental Science Survey, 2015, 34(5): 72-77.
11	张海军, 于颖, 倪余文, 等. 采用巯基捕收剂稳定化处理垃圾焚烧飞灰中的重金属[J]. 环境科学, 2007(8): 1899-1904.
	ZHANG Haijun, YU Ying, NI Yuwen, et al. Stabilization of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash with the thiol collectors[J]. Environmental Science, 2007(8): 1899-1904.
12	王欣羽, 张冰如, 朱衍皇. 新型重金属螯合剂对焚烧飞灰中Pb的稳定性能研究[J]. 环境污染与防治, 2023, 45(3): 316-321.
	WANG Xinyu, ZHANG Bingru, ZHU Yanhuang. Stability performance study of a new heavy metal chelating agent against Pb in domestic waste incineration fly ash[J]. Environmental Pollution & Control, 2023, 45(3): 316-321.
13	ZHANG Manling, GUO Mengru, ZHANG Bingru, et al. Stabilization of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash with a novel dithiocarboxylate-functionalized polyaminoamide dendrimer[J]. Waste Management, 2020, 105: 289-298.
14	熊金磊. 我国城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中高氯含量特性及其影响[J]. 中国资源综合利用, 2019, 37(6): 117-119.
	XIONG Jinlei. The characteristics and effects of high chlorine incineration fly ash of municipal solid waste in China[J]. China Resources Comprehensive Utilization, 2019, 37(6): 117-119.
15	宋倩楠. 二硫代氨基甲酸盐类螯合剂的合成及飞灰稳定化效果研究[D]. 北京: 北京化工大学, 2020.
	SONG Qiannan. Synthesis of dithiocarbamate chelating agents and study on stabilizing effect of fly ash[D]. Beijing: Beijing University of Chemical Technology, 2020.
16	李建新, 严建华, 金余其, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属特性分析[J]. 浙江大学学报(工学版), 2004, 38(4): 490-494.
	LI Jianxin, YAN Jianhua, JIN Yuqi, et al. Characteristic analysis of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University(Engineering Science), 2004, 38(4): 490-494.
17	方祝敏. 垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属脱毒及高值化利用[D]. 杭州: 浙江工业大学, 2017.
	FANG Zhumin. Heavy metal detoxification of waste incineration fly ash and high value utilization[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University Of Technology, 2017.
18	谷忠伟. 稳定剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化效果研究[D]. 杭州: 浙江大学, 2020.
	GU Zhongwei. Research of stabilization effect of stabilizers on heavy metals in municipal solid waste incineration fly ash[D]. Hangzhou: Zhejiang University, 2020.
19	李建新, 严建华, 池涌, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属含量与渗滤特性分析[J]. 环境科学学报, 2004, 24(1): 168-170.
	LI Jianxin, YAN Jianhua, CHI Yong, et al. Analysis on the contents and leaching characteristics of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(1): 168-170.
20	孙杨雨, 焦春磊, 谭笑, 等. 生活垃圾焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化及其机理研究[J]. 中国科学: 化学, 2016, 46(7): 716-724.
	SUN Yangyu, JIAO Chunlei, TAN Xiao, et al. Stabilization and mechanism of heavy metals in municipal solid waste incinerator fly ash[J]. SCIENTIA SINICA Chimica, 2016, 46(7): 716-724.
21	李华, 司马菁珂, 罗启仕, 等. 危险废物焚烧飞灰中重金属的稳定化处理[J]. 环境工程学报, 2012, 6(10): 3740-3746.
	LI Hua, SIMA Qingke, LUO Qishi, et al. Stabilization of heavy metals in hazardous waste incineration fly ash[J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2012, 6(10): 3740-3746.

成分	炉排炉飞灰/%	流化床飞灰/%
Cl	24.1	8.14
CaO	35.2	28.3
Na₂O	12.2	6.33
K₂O	9.48	3.94
SO₃	7.12	7.47
SiO₂	1.75	21.4
ZnO	0.478	0.613
MgO	0.758	2.85
Fe₂O₃	0.588	5.97
Al₂O₃	0.479	8.68
P₂O₅	0.206	4.24
TiO₂	0.191	1.23
PbO	0.127	0.077
CO₂	7.18	—

成分	炉排炉飞灰/%	流化床飞灰/%
Cl	24.1	8.14
CaO	35.2	28.3
Na₂O	12.2	6.33
K₂O	9.48	3.94
SO₃	7.12	7.47
SiO₂	1.75	21.4
ZnO	0.478	0.613
MgO	0.758	2.85
Fe₂O₃	0.588	5.97
Al₂O₃	0.479	8.68
P₂O₅	0.206	4.24
TiO₂	0.191	1.23
PbO	0.127	0.077
CO₂	7.18	—

名称	重金属含量/mg·kg^-1
名称	Be	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Ba	Hg	Pb
炉排炉飞灰	0.254	56	34	389	4160	51	204	483	20.2	1100
炉排炉飞灰螯合物	0.319	122	37	485	5590	53	285	613	22.4	1280
流化床飞灰	1.22	127	51	609	2337	27.5	39	1584	0.29	234
流化床飞灰螯合物	0.96	140	54	890	2945	23.6	70	1230	3.37	374

名称	重金属含量/mg·kg^-1
名称	Be	Cr	Ni	Cu	Zn	As	Cd	Ba	Hg	Pb
炉排炉飞灰	0.254	56	34	389	4160	51	204	483	20.2	1100
炉排炉飞灰螯合物	0.319	122	37	485	5590	53	285	613	22.4	1280
流化床飞灰	1.22	127	51	609	2337	27.5	39	1584	0.29	234
流化床飞灰螯合物	0.96	140	54	890	2945	23.6	70	1230	3.37	374

名称	浸出毒性分析/mg·L^-1
名称	Hg	Cu	Zn	Pb	Cd	Be	Ba	Ni	As	Cr
炉排炉飞灰	0.00333	0.184	6.875	0.717	1.104	0.00009	0.275	0.185	0.0389	0.0752
炉排炉飞灰螯合物	0.00135	0.028	14.8	0.592	0.791	0.00028	0.263	0.17	0.0379	0.088
流化床飞灰	0.00025	1.645	12.7	0.0694	0.255	0.00039	0.234	0.138	0.1342	0.159
流化床飞灰螯合物	0.00039	2.096	12.35	0.281	0.396	0.00071	0.206	0.176	0.024	0.189
标准限值	0.12	120	120	1.2	0.6	0.2	85	2	1.2	15

典型炉排炉和流化床垃圾焚烧飞灰及螯合产物的重金属浸出毒性

Heavy metal leaching toxicity of typical grate furnace/fluidized bed furnace waste incineration fly ash and their chelated products

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 21

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

元素	飞灰（质量分数）/%	螯合物（质量分数）/%
Ca	25.09	52.52
Cl	42.84	16.63
Na	9.56	0.37
K	6.02	0.95
C	7.9	7.68
O	3.21	6.95
Al	0.35	1.76
Mg	1.34	4.24
Si	0.38	1.39
S	3.31	3.61
Fe	—	3.89

[1]	巩志强, 刘雷, 王少华, 韩悦, 郭俊山, 商攀峰, 祝令凯, 郑威. 矿物质化合物对含油污泥焚烧过程中重金属迁移转化的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1614-1620.
[2]	任鹏锟, 仲兆平, 杨宇轩, 张杉, 杜浩然, 李骞. 改性海泡石对污泥热解过程中重金属的控制[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(1): 541-550.
[3]	许春树, 姚庆达, 梁永贤, 周华龙. 共价有机框架材料功能化策略及其对Hg(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 461-478.
[4]	李世霖, 胡景泽, 王毅霖, 王庆吉, 邵磊. 电渗析分离提取高值组分的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 420-429.
[5]	李志远, 黄亚继, 赵佳琪, 于梦竹, 朱志成, 程好强, 时浩, 王圣. 污泥与聚氯乙烯共热解重金属特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4947-4956.
[6]	李卫华, 于倩雯, 尹俊权, 吴寅凯, 孙英杰, 王琰, 王华伟, 杨玉飞, 龙於洋, 黄启飞, 葛燕辰, 何依洋, 赵灵燕. 酸雨环境下填埋飞灰吨袋破损后重金属的溶出行为[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4917-4928.
[7]	张婷婷, 潘大伟, 巨晓洁, 刘壮, 谢锐, 汪伟, 褚良银. Hg²⁺响应型智能凝胶检测光栅的构建与性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4143-4152.
[8]	张杉, 仲兆平, 杨宇轩, 杜浩然, 李骞. 磷酸盐改性高岭土对生活垃圾热解过程中重金属的富集[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3893-3903.
[9]	郑昕, 贾里, 王彦霖, 张靖超, 陈世虎, 乔晓磊, 樊保国. 污泥与煤泥混烧对重金属固留特性的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3233-3241.
[10]	庄捷, 薛锦辉, 赵斌成, 张文艺. 猪粪厌氧消化进程中重金属与腐殖质的有机结合机制[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3281-3291.
[11]	李若琳, 何少林, 苑宏英, 刘伯约, 纪冬丽, 宋阳, 刘博, 余绩庆, 徐英俊. 原位热解对油页岩物性及地下水水质影响探索[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 3309-3318.
[12]	常占坤, 张弛, 苏冰琴, 张聪政, 王健, 权晓慧. H₂S气态基质对污泥生物沥滤处理效能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2733-2743.
[13]	李卫华, 吴寅凯, 孙英杰, 尹俊权, 辛明学, 赵友杰. 垃圾焚烧飞灰重金属毒性浸出评价方法研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2666-2677.
[14]	王玉, 余广炜, 林佳佳, 黎长江, 江汝清, 邢贞娇, 余铖. 沼渣、飞灰和污泥生物炭制备建筑陶粒[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 1039-1050.
[15]	郭宇晨, 刘庆林, 蒋金洋, 宗永忠, 王金伟, 李臻, 吕树祥. 含铬污泥资源化方法研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(2): 575-584.