平板陶瓷毛细芯环路热管的实验与仿真

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1840

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计并制作了一种平板陶瓷毛细芯环路热管，以环保型制冷剂R245fa作为工质，实验研究了其传热性能；在传统热阻网络模型基础上，优化了其计算过程，通过两条路径并行计算储液器温度，并以二者残差作为收敛条件，提高了计算速度。实验与仿真结果表明，进入固定热导区后，冷凝器热阻占系统总热阻的90%左右，当系统刚刚进入固定热导区时，蒸发器热阻最小，此时蒸发器传热性能最佳；仿真结果与实验结果吻合度较高，温度计算误差最大不超过5℃，热阻的相对误差最大为17%，通过模型计算得到工质在流经毛细芯内部时产生的压降占系统总压降的90%，蒸发温度随着毛细芯厚度的增大而减小，随着毛细芯有效热导率的增大呈现先减小后增大的趋势；增加毛细芯厚度有利于减小毛细芯向储液器的漏热，毛细芯有效热导率的增大会显著增加漏热，不利于系统运行。

关键词: 平板蒸发器, 陶瓷毛细芯, 环路热管, 两相流, 热阻网络模型, R245fa

Abstract:

A flat ceramic capillary wick LHP was designed and manufactured, and its heat transfer performance was experimentally studied with the environment-friendly refrigerant R245fa as the working fluid. Based on the traditional thermal resistance network model, the calculation process was optimized. The reservoir temperature was calculated in parallel through two paths, and their residuals were used as the convergence condition to improve the calculation speed. The experimental and simulation results showed that the thermal resistance of the condenser accounts for about 90% of the total thermal resistance in the fixed conductance mode (FCM). When the system just entered the FCM, the thermal resistance of the evaporator was the smallest, and the heat transfer performance of the evaporator was the best. The simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental ones. The maximum temperature calculation error did not exceed 5℃, and the maximum relative error of thermal resistance was 17%. According to the model calculation, the pressure drop caused by the working medium flowing through the capillary wick accounted for 90% of the total pressure drop of the system. The evaporation temperature increased with the increase of wick thickness, and increasing the thickness of the wick was beneficial to reduce the heat leakage to the reservoir. The increase of the effective thermal conductivity of the wick will significantly increase the heat leakage.

Key words: flat evaporator, ceramic capillary wick, loop heat pipe, two-phase flow, thermal resistance network model, R245fa

中图分类号:

TK172.4

郑宿正, 李南茜, 董德平. 平板陶瓷毛细芯环路热管的实验与仿真[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3510-3518.

ZHENG Suzheng, LI Nanxi, DONG Deping. Experimental and numerical investigation of loop heat pipe with flat ceramic capillary wick[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3510-3518.

图/表 13

图1 平板蒸发器环路热管

图2 氧化锆陶瓷毛细芯

图3 实验系统示意图Tv—蒸发器出口温度；Tc,in—冷凝器入口温度；Tc,out—冷凝器出口温度；Tr,in—储液器入口温度；Tr—储液器温度；Te=14∑i=47Ti—蒸发器温度；Tc=13∑i=13Ti—冷凝器温度

表1 实验中主要变量的不确定度

变量	不确定度/%
蒸发器出口温度 $T v$	$± 0.62$
冷凝器入口温度 $T c, i n$	$± 0.75$
冷凝器温度 $T c$	$± 0.58$
冷凝器出口温度 $T c, o u t$	$± 0.60$
储液器温度 $T r$	$± 0.65$
蒸发器温度 $T e$	$± 0.50$

表1 实验中主要变量的不确定度

变量	不确定度/%
蒸发器出口温度 $T v$	$± 0.62$
冷凝器入口温度 $T c, i n$	$± 0.75$
冷凝器温度 $T c$	$± 0.58$
冷凝器出口温度 $T c, o u t$	$± 0.60$
储液器温度 $T r$	$± 0.65$
蒸发器温度 $T e$	$± 0.50$

图4 环路热管变工况运行曲线

图5 稳定状态时各节点温度

图6 传热热阻随功率变化

图7 热阻网络节点示意图

图8 模型求解流程图

图9 仿真与实验结果对比

图10 回路中各部分压降

图11 毛细芯厚度对蒸发温度以及漏热的影响

图12 毛细芯有效热导率对蒸发温度以及漏热的影响

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