低碳智慧化转型：能源化工领域的未来发展与挑战

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2025-0063

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

能源化工是支撑国民经济发展和保障国家战略安全的重要领域，正面临着低碳化、智慧化和可持续发展的深刻变革。本文系统综述了传统能源低碳化与低碳能源实用化的研究进展及关键技术。在传统能源的低碳化方面，通过传统能源分子精准表征与转化过程模型化，推动高效工艺的开发以降低碳排放，并结合定向催化转化技术实现传统化石能源的绿色转型。在低碳能源的实用化方面，探讨了长时大规模储能技术的进展以及应用，以提高可再生能源的利用率和支撑低碳能源系统的构建。以液流电池为例，探索了智慧化技术在储能性能优化中的应用。同时，新催化反应机理与基于电磁供能及多物理场耦合机制分析的工艺装备开发技术，推动了传统能源低碳化与智慧化的深度融合。最后，本文展望了“能源化工+人工智能”发展前景，提出从分子层面、过程装备层面、系统优化层面协同推进能源化工领域的低碳化与智慧化转型，并引入思维链驱动的推理大模型，通过多学科的交叉合作，以实现更高效、更绿色的能源系统，为应对全球气候变化和资源短缺挑战提供切实可行的解决方案。

关键词: 能源化工, 低碳化, 智慧化

Abstract:

Energy and chemical engineering is a crucial industry that transforms primary energy sources such as oil and coal into secondary energy and chemical products, supporting national economic development and strategic security. Currently, this sector is undergoing profound changes driven by the need for low-carbon, intelligent, and sustainable development. This review systematically summarizes the advancements and key technologies in the decarbonization of traditional energy and the practical application of low-carbon energy. In the context of traditional energy decarbonization, the development of efficient processes is promoted through precise characterization of energy molecules and modeling of conversion processes, alongside directional catalytic conversion technologies for the green transformation of fossil fuels. In addition, the progress and application of long-duration, large-scale energy storage technologies are explored to enhance the utilization of renewable energy and support the construction of low-carbon energy systems. The application of intelligent technologies in optimizing energy storage performance, exemplified by flow batteries, is also discussed. Furthermore, the development of new catalytic reaction mechanisms and process equipment based on electromagnetic energy supply and multi-physical field coupling technologies fosters a deep integration of decarbonization and intelligence in traditional energy. Ultimately, the review concludes by envisioning the future of "energy and chemical engineering+artificial intelligence," advocating for a collaborative approach to advance low-carbon and intelligent transformations across molecular, process, equipment, and system optimization levels and integrating Chain-of-Thought-driven reasoning-oriented large language models, aiming for a more efficient and greener energy system to address global climate change and resource scarcity challenges.

Key words: Energy chemical engineering, Low-carbon, Artificial intelligence

中图分类号:

TK91

刘东阳, 何福鹏, 邱伟, 周天航, 赵亮, 徐春明. 低碳智慧化转型：能源化工领域的未来发展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(6): 3305-3323.

LIU Dongyang, HE Fupeng, QIU Wei, ZHOU Tianhang, ZHAO Liang, XU Chunming. Low-carbon intelligent transformation: Future development and challenges in the energy and chemical sectors[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(6): 3305-3323.

图/表 8

图1 传统能源的低碳化与低碳能源的实用化[8-10,17-19]

图2 传统能源的低碳化示意图

图3 机器学习辅助催化剂高效设计[27,66,93]

表1 传统蒸汽管网加热和电加热比较[97]

项目	蒸汽管网/加热炉	电加热
加热温度	≤200℃，当需要≥200℃用燃料加热炉	50~1500℃
热效率/%	≤85	90~99
碳排放	高	0
维护费用	高	低
加热成本	较低	目前约为蒸汽的4~5倍，但随着风电、光电普及，成本总体低于蒸汽管网

图4 低碳能源的实用化示意图

图5 各储能技术的规模对比图

图6 液流电池示意图以及设计和优化角度[93,108-109]

图7 绿色低碳加工的变革性工艺与装备[141,150]

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