自愈水凝胶的设计原理及应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0428

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自愈水凝胶是一种在遭到外界破坏损伤后可自行修复其结构和功能的智能水凝胶。在保留传统水凝胶吸水保水性质的基础上，自愈水凝胶仍具有可自修复、安全性高、耐疲劳、使用寿命长等优势。本文综述了近年来基于物理、化学交联和多重作用机理结合型自愈水凝胶及其在可穿戴电子产品、3D打印、生物医药、石油化工领域的部分应用。物理交联包含氢键、疏水相互作用、主客体相互作用等非共价键交联，化学交联包含酰腙键、亚胺键、二硫键等共价键交联，多重作用机理交联是将两种以及两种以上的物理、化学交联同时引入。在上述研究基础上，指出了目前自愈水凝胶存在制备方法烦琐、功能单一、无法响应多重刺激以及缺乏多方位解析自愈合机制等问题。因此，未来自愈水凝胶的研发重点应侧重在多机制、多功能型自愈水凝胶的研发，从多角度、多学科交融探索水凝胶自愈合机制，促进其在多个新兴领域的应用。

关键词: 水凝胶, 自愈合, 物理交联, 化学交联, 多重交联

Abstract:

Self-healing hydrogel is a type of intelligent hydrogels that can repair its structure and function after being damaged by the surroundings. Self-healing hydrogels also have self-healing properties, high safety, fatigue resistance and long service life based on retaining the water absorption and retention properties of traditional hydrogels. In this paper, the self-healing hydrogels in recent years were reviewed, focusing on the combination of physical, chemical crosslinking and multiple action mechanisms, and partial application in wearable electronic products, 3D printing, biomedicine and petrochemical fields. Physical crosslinking included noncovalent interactions such as hydrogen bond, hydrophobic interaction and host guest interaction. Chemical crosslinking included dynamic covalent bonds such as acylhydrazone bond, imine bond and disulfide bond. Multiaction mechanism crosslinking introduced two or more physical and chemical crosslinking simultaneously introduce hydrogel. On the basis of the above research, this review pointed out that the current self-healing hydrogels had many deficiencies, such as complicated preparation methods, single function, inability to respond to multiple stimuli and lack of multi-directional analysis of self-healing mechanisms. Hence, the future research and development of self-healing hydrogels should focus on the research and development of multi-mechanism and multi-functional self-healing hydrogels, explore the mechanism of hydrogel healing process from multiple perspectives and multidisciplinary integration, and accelerate its application in many emerging fields.

Key words: hydrogel, self-healing, physical crosslinking, chemical crosslinking, multiple crosslinking

中图分类号:

TQ427.26

刘萌萌, 秋列维, 万智卫, 李世婧, 许玉雨. 自愈水凝胶的设计原理及应用[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(3): 1350-1362.

LIU Mengmeng, QIU Liewei, WAN Zhiwei, LI Shijing, XU Yuyu. Design principle and application of self-healing hydrogel[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(3): 1350-1362.

图/表 9

图1 自愈水凝胶成胶机制示意图[10]

图2 聚(丙烯酰胺-co-2-乙烯基-4,6-二氨基-1,3,5-三嗪)/单宁酸自愈水凝胶的合成示意图[21]

图3 TOCNF/PAA-PPy水凝胶自修复6h前后的电导率变化[36]

图4 OHA/HHA/ADH水凝胶的性能表征[44]

图5 双网络水凝胶（POCH）及其单网络组分的结构示意图[49]

图6 L-半胱氨酸-聚乙烯醇/羟乙基纤维素复合水凝胶的微观示意图及其多响应三重形状记忆和自愈特性[53]

图7 一锅法合成PSA-T@BT水凝胶[59]

图8 具有自我修复和顺序释放特性的bFGF@PLGA/CHA/水凝胶示意图[66]

图9 多功能自愈水凝胶的合成示意图[68]

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