基于入口分散相重排序的旋流强化分离研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1382

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 2219-2232.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-1382

基于入口分散相重排序的旋流强化分离研究进展

宋民航¹^,²(), 赵立新¹^,³(), 徐保蕊¹^,³, 刘琳¹^,³, 张爽¹^,³

^1.东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院，黑龙江大庆 163318
^2.中国科学院过程工程研究所, 北京 100190
^3.黑龙江省石油石化多相介质处理及污染防治重点实验室，黑龙江大庆 163318

收稿日期:2022-07-22 修回日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2023-05-10 发布日期:2023-06-02
通讯作者: 赵立新
作者简介:宋民航（1986—），男，博士，副研究员，主要从事多相旋流分离及燃料低碳清洁高效燃烧方面的研究工作。E-mail：songminhang@ 126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金重点支持项目(U21A20104);黑龙江省自然科学基金（重点）项目(ZD2020E001)

Research progress of cyclone-enhanced separation based on disperse phase rearrangement at the inlet

SONG Minhang¹^,²(), ZHAO Lixin¹^,³(), XU Baorui¹^,³, LIU Lin¹^,³, ZHANG Shuang¹^,³

^1.School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
^2.Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
^3.Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Petroleum and Petrochemical Multiphase Treatment and Pollution Prevention, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2022-07-22 Revised:2022-11-01 Online:2023-05-10 Published:2023-06-02
Contact: ZHAO Lixin

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着工业化进程的飞速前进，适用于分离多相不互溶介质的旋流分离器已广泛应用于石化、环保等重点行业。为了提高旋流分离器在全粒径范围内分散相的分离效率，涌现出了多种旋流分离过程强化技术。其中，对入口分散相进行重排序的旋流强化技术因具有加工成本及运行费用低、易于实施、强化效果明显等优势，展现出了重要的应用价值及推广前景。本文聚焦于入口分散相重排序的旋流强化技术，对基于惯性力场和离心力场进行分散相重排序的旋流强化原理、排序器结构类型及应用于液-液、固-液、气-固两相的分散相重排序强化技术及研究成果进行了系统的分析和总结。在此基础上，从组织构建分散相重排序后的多股液流，选择促进多股液流间协同高效分离的旋流场入射方案，强化分散相移动过程中的聚并长大和/或惯性碰撞等角度出发，总结了分散相重排序的技术路线并进行研究展望，从而指导旋流器的旋流分离过程强化及优化设计，助力于旋流分离效率的深度提升。

关键词: 旋流分离器, 全粒径分散相, 旋流强化, 分散相重排序, 分离效率

Abstract:

With the rapid progress of industrialization, cyclone separators suitable for separating multiphase immiscible media have been widely used in key industries such as petrochemical and environmental protection. In order to improve the separation efficiency of the dispersed phase in the whole particle size range, a variety of cyclone separation enhancement technologies have emerged. Among them, the efficiency enhancement technology of rearranging the dispersed phase at the inlet of hydrocyclone has shown important application value and promotion prospects, owing to the advantages of low manufacturing and operating cost, easy implementation, and obvious enhancement effect. This paper focuses on the efficiency enhancement technology for the rearrangement of the dispersed phase at the inlet segment. The efficiency enhancement principle of dispersed phase rearrangement based on inertial force and centrifugal force fields, the rearrangement structure types, and the enhancement technologies and research results applied to the dispersed-phase rearrangement in liquid-liquid, solid-liquid, and gas-solid were systematically analyzed. On this basis, the technical route of disperse-phase rearrangement was summarized and the research prospects were also carried out from the following three aspects: the organization and construction of multiple liquid flows after rearranging the dispersed phase, the selection of swirl field injection positions for promoting cooperative and efficient separation of multiple streams, and the enhancement of agglomeration growth and/or inertial collisions during disperse phase movement. The relevant analysis and conclusions aim to guide the separation enhancement and optimization design of hydrocyclones, and to improve the separation efficiency.

Key words: cyclone separator, full-particle-size dispersed phase, cyclone strengthening, disperse phase rearrangement, separation efficiency

中图分类号:

TQ051.8

宋民航, 赵立新, 徐保蕊, 刘琳, 张爽. 基于入口分散相重排序的旋流强化分离研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2219-2232.

SONG Minhang, ZHAO Lixin, XU Baorui, LIU Lin, ZHANG Shuang. Research progress of cyclone-enhanced separation based on disperse phase rearrangement at the inlet[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(5): 2219-2232.

图/表 21

图1 常规水力旋流器分离过程

图2 轻相分散相在旋流器中的主要径向和轴向受力示意图

表1 分散相迁移过程中的主要受力情况

沿径向受力		沿轴向受力
分散相所受离心力F_C	$F C = π d 3 6 ρ l u t 2 r$	分散相所受重力F_g	$F g = π d 3 6 ρ l g$
分散相所受沿径向压力梯度力F_B	$F B = π d 3 6 ρ u t 2 r$	分散相所受沿轴向压力梯度力F_b	$F b = π d 3 6 ρ g$
分散相所受沿径向斯托克斯阻力F_D	$F D = ζ A ρ v 2 2 = ζ π d 2 ρ v 2 8$	分散相所受沿轴向斯托克斯阻力F_d	$F d = ζ A ρ w 2 2 = ζ π d 2 ρ w 2 8$
分散相沿径向受力平衡关系式	$F B - F C - F D = 0$ $π d 3 6 ρ u t 2 r -$ $π d 3 6 ρ l u t 2 r - ζ π d 2 ρ u r 2 8 = 0$	分散相沿轴向受力平衡关系式	$F b - F g - F d = 0$ $π d 3 6 ρ g - π d 3 6 ρ l g -$ $ζ π d 2 ρ u z 2 8 = 0$
分散相粒径d与其径向位置r的关系	$r = 4 (ρ - ρ l) 3 ζ ρ u t u r 2 d$	分散相粒径d与轴向相对速率u_z 的关系	$u z = 4 d (ρ - ρ l) g 3 ζ ρ$

表1 分散相迁移过程中的主要受力情况

沿径向受力		沿轴向受力
分散相所受离心力F_C	$F C = π d 3 6 ρ l u t 2 r$	分散相所受重力F_g	$F g = π d 3 6 ρ l g$
分散相所受沿径向压力梯度力F_B	$F B = π d 3 6 ρ u t 2 r$	分散相所受沿轴向压力梯度力F_b	$F b = π d 3 6 ρ g$
分散相所受沿径向斯托克斯阻力F_D	$F D = ζ A ρ v 2 2 = ζ π d 2 ρ v 2 8$	分散相所受沿轴向斯托克斯阻力F_d	$F d = ζ A ρ w 2 2 = ζ π d 2 ρ w 2 8$
分散相沿径向受力平衡关系式	$F B - F C - F D = 0$ $π d 3 6 ρ u t 2 r -$ $π d 3 6 ρ l u t 2 r - ζ π d 2 ρ u r 2 8 = 0$	分散相沿轴向受力平衡关系式	$F b - F g - F d = 0$ $π d 3 6 ρ g - π d 3 6 ρ l g -$ $ζ π d 2 ρ u z 2 8 = 0$
分散相粒径d与其径向位置r的关系	$r = 4 (ρ - ρ l) 3 ζ ρ u t u r 2 d$	分散相粒径d与轴向相对速率u_z 的关系	$u z = 4 d (ρ - ρ l) g 3 ζ ρ$

图3 旋流器入口分散相重排序过程及原理示意图

表2 分散相重排过程中可采用的强化分离思路

分离情况编号	分散相	连续相	密度关系	利用分散相移动过程中的聚并长大	利用分散相移动过程中的惯性碰撞	布置各股液流于合适的旋流场入射位置
1	液	液	ρ_分散相＜ρ_连续相	√	×	√
2	液	液	ρ_分散相＞ρ_连续相	√	×	√
3	固	液	ρ_分散相＞ρ_连续相	×	√	√
4	固	气	ρ_分散相＞ρ_连续相	×	√	√
5	气	液	ρ_分散相＜ρ_连续相	√	×	√
6	液	气	ρ_分散相＞ρ_连续相	√	×	√

图4 典型入口分散相排序器结构1—连接旋流器切向入口端；2—弯管；3—挡块；4—旋流腔；5—螺旋流道

图5 基于入口弯管排序的旋流器结构及油滴重排序示意图1—相邻双切向入口；2—入口弯管；3—分隔板；4—小直径旋流腔；5—大直径旋流腔；6—合并切向底流管；7—双层同轴溢流管

图6 不同入口弯管角度下的油滴粒径[40]

图7 不同分流比下分离效率试验值与模拟值对比[40]

图8 入口挡块结构类型及油滴重排序示意图1—分隔板；2—梯形挡块；3—三角形挡块；4—半圆形挡块；5—油滴聚集区

图9 不同挡块结构下的入口处油相浓度分布[36]

图10 入口流量和分流比对分离效率的影响[36]

图11 基于入口反转流道排序的旋流器结构及油滴排序示意图1—富集管；2—入口管；3—螺旋片；4—空心圆锥管；5—溢流管；6—锥段；7—底流管；8—反转螺旋流道

图12 基于径向梯级排序的旋流器结构及油滴排序示意图1—微粒径通道；2—小粒径通道；3—中粒径通道；4—旋流腔；5—底流管；6—螺旋管入口；7—螺旋管；8—内切向入口；9—外切向入口；10—梯级聚结腔；11—溢流管

图13 基于蜗壳入口排序的旋流器结构及颗粒排序示意图

图14 颗粒粒径分布情况对比[43]

图15 固液分离旋流器结构及颗粒排序单元示意图

图16 不同入口流量下的颗粒收集效率[42]

图17 旋流排序器布置方式及颗粒排序示意图

图18 不同排序器布置方式下的分离效率及出口粒径分布[45]

图19 分散相重排序后的液流入射位置方案及方案选取

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基于入口分散相重排序的旋流强化分离研究进展

Research progress of cyclone-enhanced separation based on disperse phase rearrangement at the inlet

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