几种典型固废与神华煤掺烧的结渣特性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0326

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以三种典型工业有机固废和神华煤掺烧在实验室气氛炉中燃烧形成的混合灰样为研究对象，通过表观形貌分析、熔融性温度分析、X射线衍射图谱分析（XRD）和扫描电镜耦合X射线能谱分析（SEM+EDS）研究了在空气氛围下固废与煤耦合燃料的结渣特性和结渣机理。结果表明，与原煤灰相比，活性炭和药渣显著降低了混合灰的熔点，促进结渣；树脂提高了混合灰的熔点，不易渣化熔融。添加活性炭和药渣后，混合灰中产生了较多的霞石、钠/钾长石类等低熔点物质，容易结合成含钠钾硅酸盐的低温共熔体，并抑制了莫来石的生成。药渣中含有大量的磷酸铝、磷酸铁钙等含磷矿物质，易与含钙矿物质和赤铁矿形成无定形玻璃相的低温共熔体，相同条件下，添加药渣的结渣现象比活性炭更严重。添加树脂后的混合灰中生成了大量的莫来石等高熔点物质，与氧化铝、石英共同建构灰的“骨架”，保持较好的抗渣化特性。总体来讲，神华煤中掺烧20%的该树脂是可行的，针对活性炭，混烧比例不宜高于10%，而药渣则以低于5%为宜。

关键词: 工业有机固废, 神华煤, 矿物质, 低温共熔体, 结渣特性, 结渣机理

Abstract:

Burning Shenhua coal with three typical industrial organic solid wastes in a laboratory atmosphere furnace to get the mixed ash sample as the research object, through the appearance analysis, melting temperature analysis, X-ray diffraction pattern analysis (XRD) and scanning electron microscope coupled X-ray energy spectrum analysis (SEM+EDS), the slagging characteristics and slagging mechanism of solid waste and coal coupled fuel in air atmosphere were studied. The results showed that compared with raw coal ash, activated carbon and medicine slag significantly reduced the melting point of mixed ash and promote slagging; resin increases the melting point of mixed ash and was not easy to slag and melt. After adding activated carbon and medicine slag, more low-melting substances such as nepheline and sodium/potassium feldspar were produced in the mixed ash, which are easily combined into a low-temperature eutectic containing sodium potassium silicate and inhibit the mullite generation. The medicine slag contained a large amount of phosphorus-containing minerals such as aluminum phosphate and calcium iron phosphate, which are easy to form a low-temperature eutectic of amorphous glass phase with calcium-containing minerals and hematite. Under the same conditions, the slagging phenomenon of the added medicine slag was more serious than activated carbon. A large amount of high melting point substances such as mullite were generated in the mixed ash after the resin was added, which together with alumina and quartz construct the "skeleton" of the ash, and maintain good slag resistance characteristics. In general, it was feasible to blend 20% of the resin in Shenhua coal. For activated carbon, the blending ratio should not be higher than 10%, and the dregs of a decoction should be less than 5%.

Key words: industrial organic solid waste, Shenhua coal, minerals, low temperature eutectic, slagging characteristics, slagging mechanism

中图分类号:

刘贺, 刘建忠, 陈建, 王建斌, 王明霞. 几种典型固废与神华煤掺烧的结渣特性[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(1): 443-452.

LIU He, LIU Jianzhong, CHEN Jian, WANG Jianbin, WANG Mingxia. Slagging properties of several typical solid wastes mixed with Shenhua coal[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(1): 443-452.

图/表 10

表1 神华煤的煤质特性分析

元素分析（质量分数）/%
C_ad	H_ad		N_ad		S_ad			O_ad			M_ad	A_ad	V_ad	FC_ad
69.82	3.96		0.79		0.44			10.26		8.64		6.09	29.66	56.21
灰成分分析（质量分数）/%												热值/MJ?kg^-1
SiO₂		Al₂O₃		Fe₂O₃		CaO	MgO		K₂O	Na₂O		热值/MJ?kg^-1
54.84		18.99		5.68		7.84	3.76		1.08	1.26		27.63

表2 固废的特性分析

样品	元素分析（质量分数）/%
样品	C_ad	H_ad	N_ad	St_ad	O_ad		M_ad	A_ad	V_ad	FC_ad
HXT	75.21	1.64	2.38	0.39	5.63		3.83	10.92	10.31	73.54
SZ	43.18	2.71	0.05	10.62	20.08		12.35	11.01	49.25	27.37
YZ	46.95	5.07	7.76	1.43	27.63		1.85	9.31	71.56	17.28
样品	灰成分分析（质量分数）/%							热值/MJ?kg^-1
样品	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	热值/MJ?kg^-1
HXT	35.47	14.22	11.94	15.15	5.03	2.52	3.49	26.74
SZ	25.04	21.25	6.34	11.78	5.52	0.34	0.27	18.88
YZ	36.99	0.74	0.48	16.19	12.93	7.29	7.57	20.47

图1 GF1400气氛炉实验系统

图2 煤与固废以及不同固废掺烧比例对灰熔融特征温度的影响

图3 不同燃烧温度条件下原料的结渣表观形貌结果

图4 结渣形貌随温度演变示意图

图5 1150℃下不同固废及掺烧比例下的煤灰结渣表观形貌

图6 掺烧固废后促进结渣示意图

图7 神华煤在不同固废及不同掺烧比例下的X射线衍射图谱Q—石英（SiO2）；A—硬石膏（CaSO4）；Ca—方解石（CaCO3）；H—赤铁矿（Fe2O3）；K—高岭石（Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O）；Me—偏高岭石（Al2O3·2SiO2）；Mu—莫来石（3Al2O3·2SiO2）；An—钙长石（CaAl2Si2O8）；Po—钾长石（KAlSi3O8）；Al—钠长石（NaAlSi3O8）；N—霞石（NaAlSiO4）；D—透辉石（CaMgSi2O6）；P—方镁石（MgO）；Co—硅钙钠石（Na2CaSiO4）；Ap—磷酸铝（AlPO4）；Cp—磷酸钙[Ca3(PO4)2]；I—磷酸铁钙[Ca9Fe(PO4)7]

图8 高温下煤灰的SEM+EDS分析

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