二硫化钼作为海水淡化材料的研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0770

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

海水淡化是从丰富的海水资源中提取清洁淡水的技术，是解决淡水资源短缺的重要途径。传统的海水淡化技术在实际应用中已经暴露出高成本、高能耗和低效率等缺点，因此开发海水淡化新兴技术及材料成为研究重点。二硫化钼（MoS₂）是典型层状过渡金属硫化物，因其化学稳定、吸光能力优异等优点，在海水淡化领域具有极大的应用前景。作为一种高效环保的海水淡化材料，MoS₂及其复合材料在改善传统脱盐工艺和发展新兴脱盐技术中已得到广泛研究。本文主要论述和分析MoS₂基材料在电容去离子、膜脱盐及太阳能脱盐等海水淡化应用中的研究进展以及在工业化应用中面临的挑战，并展望其今后在脱盐领域的发展方向。

关键词: 二硫化钼, 电容去离子, 膜脱盐, 太阳能脱盐

Abstract:

Seawater desalination is to extract clean fresh water from abundant seawater resources, being an important way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources. The traditional seawater desalination technologies strongly have exposed the shortcomings of high cost, high energy consumption and low efficiency in practical applications. Therefore, the development of new technologies and materials for desalination has become the focus of research. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is a typical layered transition metal sulfide. Because of its chemical stability and excellent light absorption capabilities, it has great application prospects in the field of seawater desalination. As an efficient and environmentally friendly seawater desalination material, MoS₂ has been extensively studied in improving traditional desalination processes and developing emerging desalination technologies. This article focused on the research progress of MoS₂ materials in the application of capacitive deionization, membrane desalination and solar desalination, as well as the challenges of MoS₂ in the industrialization of these three desalination technologies. The future development of MoS₂ materials in the field of desalination was also discussed.

Key words: molybdenum disulfide, capacitive desalination, membrane desalination, solar desalination

中图分类号:

P747

郭其景, 詹伟泉, 王清淼, 贾菲菲, 宋少先. 二硫化钼作为海水淡化材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(3): 1456-1468.

GUO Qijing, ZHAN Weiquan, WANG Qingmiao, JIA Feifei, SONG Shaoxian. Research progress of molybdenum disulfide as a material for seawater desalination[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(3): 1456-1468.

图/表 10

参考文献 79

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材料	NaCl溶液浓度	应用电压 /V	最大电吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	离子质量去除能力 /mg·g^-1	离子体积去除能力 /mg·cm^-3	比电容/F·g^-1	参考文献
MoS₂	100mg·L^-1	0.8	12.8	8.8		74.22（5mV·s^-1）	[27]
MoS₂	200mg·L^-1	1.2	10.97	9.79		75（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[28]
MoS₂/PDA	200mg·L^-1	1.2	16.94	14.8		99.9（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[27]
热处理MoS₂	100mg·L^-1	0.8	35	24.6		221.35（5mV·s^-1）
ce-MoS₂纳米片	400mmol·L^-1	1.2		8.81	16.51	109.7（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[29]
MoS₂/rGO	200mg·L^-1	1.0	19.06	16.82		198.6（1A·g^-1的电流密度下）	[32]
MoS₂/碳纳米管	5mmol·L^-1 25mmol·L^-1 100mmol·L^-1 500mmol·L^-1	0.8		10 13 18 25	40 65 90 125	正电极极化200 负电极极化210 （1mol·L^-1 NaCl，5mV·s^-1）	[33]
MoS₂/石墨烯	500mg·L^-1	1.2		19.4	14.3	146.1（0.5mol·L^-1 NaCl，5mV·s^-1） 47.9（0.5mol·L^-1 NaCl，50mV·s^-1）	[34]
MoS₂/g-C₃N₄电极	250mg·L^-1	1.6	24.5	24.16		118.3F·g^-1（1A·g^-1） 61.7F·g^-1（10A·g^-1）	[35]

材料	NaCl溶液浓度	应用电压 /V	最大电吸附容量 /mg·g^-1	离子质量去除能力 /mg·g^-1	离子体积去除能力 /mg·cm^-3	比电容/F·g^-1	参考文献
MoS₂	100mg·L^-1	0.8	12.8	8.8		74.22（5mV·s^-1）	[27]
MoS₂	200mg·L^-1	1.2	10.97	9.79		75（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[28]
MoS₂/PDA	200mg·L^-1	1.2	16.94	14.8		99.9（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[27]
热处理MoS₂	100mg·L^-1	0.8	35	24.6		221.35（5mV·s^-1）
ce-MoS₂纳米片	400mmol·L^-1	1.2		8.81	16.51	109.7（1mol·L^-1 NaCl，10mV·s^-1）	[29]
MoS₂/rGO	200mg·L^-1	1.0	19.06	16.82		198.6（1A·g^-1的电流密度下）	[32]
MoS₂/碳纳米管	5mmol·L^-1 25mmol·L^-1 100mmol·L^-1 500mmol·L^-1	0.8		10 13 18 25	40 65 90 125	正电极极化200 负电极极化210 （1mol·L^-1 NaCl，5mV·s^-1）	[33]
MoS₂/石墨烯	500mg·L^-1	1.2		19.4	14.3	146.1（0.5mol·L^-1 NaCl，5mV·s^-1） 47.9（0.5mol·L^-1 NaCl，50mV·s^-1）	[34]
MoS₂/g-C₃N₄电极	250mg·L^-1	1.6	24.5	24.16		118.3F·g^-1（1A·g^-1） 61.7F·g^-1（10A·g^-1）	[35]

分类	材料形态	光热材料	光照强度 /kW·m^-2	蒸发速率 /kg·m^-2·h^-1	蒸发效率 /%	光吸收率/%	参考文献
界面蒸发系统	光热膜	SWNT/MoS₂复合膜	5	大气6.6 真空15.6	91.5	82	[66]
	光热膜	MoS₂/GF膜	1	1.85	94		[67]
	双层结构	MoS₂/棉布基质+EPS（PMoS₂-CC）	1 5	1.3 7.03	80.1 90.3	>90（200~2000nm） >80（2000~2500nm）	[69]
		MoS₂/海绵双层结构	1 1.5~2.5	1.204 1.9~3.36	86.2 ＞90		[68]
		MoS₂/C@PU+EPS	1	1.95		98（500~2000nm）	[78]
		2H-MoS₂凹膜+EPS	1 3	1.68±0.08 4.5	83.8±0.8 91.5±1.1		[77]
		MoS₂/无尘纸/EPE	1 2 5	1.27 1.95 5.90	80 61 67		[76]
	气凝胶	MoS₂气凝胶	1 1.5 2 3	1.36 2.16 2.97 4.56	85.4 90.1 93.0 95.3	95（200~2500nm）	[70]
	气凝胶	ce-MoS₂/BNC双层气凝胶	0.76 5.35	0.81 6.15	75.7 81.4		[71]
体积蒸发系统	磁流体	磁性MoS₂纳米片（1.0g·L^-1）	1 1.5 2 2.5	1 1.69 2.39 3.16	62.46 70.77 75.00 79.20	96（200~2500nm）	[79]

分类	材料形态	光热材料	光照强度 /kW·m^-2	蒸发速率 /kg·m^-2·h^-1	蒸发效率 /%	光吸收率/%	参考文献
界面蒸发系统	光热膜	SWNT/MoS₂复合膜	5	大气6.6 真空15.6	91.5	82	[66]
	光热膜	MoS₂/GF膜	1	1.85	94		[67]
	双层结构	MoS₂/棉布基质+EPS（PMoS₂-CC）	1 5	1.3 7.03	80.1 90.3	>90（200~2000nm） >80（2000~2500nm）	[69]
		MoS₂/海绵双层结构	1 1.5~2.5	1.204 1.9~3.36	86.2 ＞90		[68]
		MoS₂/C@PU+EPS	1	1.95		98（500~2000nm）	[78]
		2H-MoS₂凹膜+EPS	1 3	1.68±0.08 4.5	83.8±0.8 91.5±1.1		[77]
		MoS₂/无尘纸/EPE	1 2 5	1.27 1.95 5.90	80 61 67		[76]
	气凝胶	MoS₂气凝胶	1 1.5 2 3	1.36 2.16 2.97 4.56	85.4 90.1 93.0 95.3	95（200~2500nm）	[70]
	气凝胶	ce-MoS₂/BNC双层气凝胶	0.76 5.35	0.81 6.15	75.7 81.4		[71]
体积蒸发系统	磁流体	磁性MoS₂纳米片（1.0g·L^-1）	1 1.5 2 2.5	1 1.69 2.39 3.16	62.46 70.77 75.00 79.20	96（200~2500nm）	[79]

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