生物炭负载铁氧化物复合材料的制备及在水处理中的应用

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0736

化工进展 ›› 2021, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (2): 917-931.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0736

生物炭负载铁氧化物复合材料的制备及在水处理中的应用

李广柱¹^,²(), 曾尚景¹^,², 孙述海¹^,², 许开成³, 边德军¹^,²()

^1.长春工程学院水利与环境工程学院，吉林长春 130012
^2.吉林省城市污水处理重点实验室，吉林长春 130012
^3.佛山水务环保股份有限公司，广东佛山 528000

收稿日期:2020-05-06 修回日期:2020-07-05 出版日期:2021-02-05 发布日期:2021-02-09
通讯作者: 边德军
作者简介:李广柱（1978—），男，博士，讲师，研究方向为水处理技术。E-mail：lgzzuolin@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(51878067);吉林省科技发展计划(20180101029JC);吉林省教育厅“十三五”科技项目(JJKH20180993KJ)

Preparation of biochar supported iron oxides composites and its application in water treatment

Guangzhu LI¹^,²(), Shangjing ZENG¹^,², Shuhai SUN¹^,², Kaicheng XU³, Dejun BIAN¹^,²()

^1.College of Water Conservancy and Environmental Engineering, Changchun Institute of Technology, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
^2.Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Municipal Wastewater Treatment, Changchun 130012, Jilin, China
^3.Foshan Water Affairs and Environmental Protection Co. , Ltd. , Foshan 528000, Guangdong, China

Received:2020-05-06 Revised:2020-07-05 Online:2021-02-05 Published:2021-02-09
Contact: Dejun BIAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纳米铁氧化物能够更高效地去除水中多种有机和无机污染物质，但易团聚失活、易流失等问题限制了其在水处理中的实际应用。生物炭（biochar，BC）作为一种新型的多孔材料具有比表面积大、碳结构稳定、原料来源广、成本低等优点，是负载纳米铁氧化物的理想载体。近年来，BC负载铁氧化物复合材料（铁氧化物/BC）在水处理领域表现出巨大的应用潜力而备受关注。本文重点介绍和总结了铁氧化物/BC的制备方法，及其吸附、催化氧化去除水中磷、有机污染物、重金属及砷的应用、机理和影响因素；并介绍了其在污泥脱水、光催化消毒等水处理环节的应用。在此基础上，从进一步提高去除污染物性能、实际应用经济和技术可行性、扩展材料应用范围等方面提出了今后研究的方向。

关键词: 纳米铁氧化物, 生物炭, 水处理, 吸附, 催化氧化

Abstract:

Iron oxides nanoparticles could efficiently remove a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from water, but its practical application in water treatment is limited by the problems of aggregation, deactivation and loss. As a new category of porous materials, biochar (BC) is characterized by a large surface area, stable carbon matrix and wide availability of the necessary feedstock with low-cost, which makes it a good candidate as supporter to load iron oxides nanoparticles. Biochar supported iron oxides composites (iron oxides/BC) exhibits a great potential in decontamination of water, and has recently attracted significant scientific interests. In this work, the preparation methods of iron oxides/BC as well as the application, mechanism and influencing factors of adsorption, catalytic oxidation to remove phosphorus, organic pollutants, heavy metals and arsenic in water were mainly introduced and summarized. In addition, its application in sludge dewatering, photocatalytic disinfection was also introduced. Furthermore, future research emphasis and direction of iron oxides/BC, in terms of further improving contaminants removal performance, economic and technical feasibility of practical application, and expanding the application field of the materials, were suggested.

Key words: iron oxides nanoparticles, biochar, water treatment, adsorption, catalytic oxidation

中图分类号:

X703.1

李广柱, 曾尚景, 孙述海, 许开成, 边德军. 生物炭负载铁氧化物复合材料的制备及在水处理中的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(2): 917-931.

Guangzhu LI, Shangjing ZENG, Shuhai SUN, Kaicheng XU, Dejun BIAN. Preparation of biochar supported iron oxides composites and its application in water treatment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(2): 917-931.

图/表 7

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铁氧化物/BC					吸附条件			吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	Fe含量/%	SSA/m²·g^-1	APS^③/nm	温度/℃	pH	吸附剂量/g·L^-1	吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	参考文献
橘子皮	Fe₃O₄	—	19.4	6.8	25	—	6.25	1.24	[32]
棉秆颗粒生物炭	Fe₂O₃/FeOOH	—	219.00	4.22	25	—	2.0	0.96	[52]
麦秸	非晶态FeOOH	47.06^①	138.56	2.75	室温	6.0	4.0	16.58	[53]
芦苇	Fe(OH)₃	1.20^②	—	—	30	7.0	7. 0	1.185	[54]
木屑	Fe(OH)₃	1.89^②	11.08	—	24	—	33.3	3.201	[55]
水葫芦	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	约65^①	—	—	25	7.0	5.0	5.07	[56]
ZnCl₂活化生物污泥	γ-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	156.79	0.888	22	7.0	2.0	61.2	[57]
	Fe(OH)₃/α-Fe₂O₃	—	254.40	0.887	22	7.0	2.0	111.0
竹子	α-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	198.1	—	25	3.0	10.0	2.85	[58]
含铁废物衍生真菌	γ-Fe₂O₃	45^①	51.6	13.2	25	—	2.0	23.9	[59]

铁氧化物/BC					吸附条件			吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	Fe含量/%	SSA/m²·g^-1	APS^③/nm	温度/℃	pH	吸附剂量/g·L^-1	吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	参考文献
橘子皮	Fe₃O₄	—	19.4	6.8	25	—	6.25	1.24	[32]
棉秆颗粒生物炭	Fe₂O₃/FeOOH	—	219.00	4.22	25	—	2.0	0.96	[52]
麦秸	非晶态FeOOH	47.06^①	138.56	2.75	室温	6.0	4.0	16.58	[53]
芦苇	Fe(OH)₃	1.20^②	—	—	30	7.0	7. 0	1.185	[54]
木屑	Fe(OH)₃	1.89^②	11.08	—	24	—	33.3	3.201	[55]
水葫芦	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	约65^①	—	—	25	7.0	5.0	5.07	[56]
ZnCl₂活化生物污泥	γ-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	156.79	0.888	22	7.0	2.0	61.2	[57]
	Fe(OH)₃/α-Fe₂O₃	—	254.40	0.887	22	7.0	2.0	111.0
竹子	α-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	198.1	—	25	3.0	10.0	2.85	[58]
含铁废物衍生真菌	γ-Fe₂O₃	45^①	51.6	13.2	25	—	2.0	23.9	[59]

铁氧化物/BC					重金属浓度 /mg·L^-1	吸附条件			吸附效果		参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	Fe含量/%	SSA /m²·g^-1	APS^④ /nm	重金属浓度 /mg·L^-1	温度/℃	pH	吸附剂量 /g·L^-1	吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	去除率 /%	参考文献
白杨木	γ-Fe₂O₃	74.3^①	—	—	As(Ⅴ):5~200	22	—	2.0	3.147	—	[20]
松木	γ-Fe₂O₃	2.95^②	193.1	—	As(Ⅴ):1~50	22	—	2.5	0.429	—	[22]
洋葱皮	Fe₃O₄	—	38.58	21	As(Ⅲ):10	25	7.0	0.1	57.47	98.9	[40]
玉米秸	γ-Fe₂O₃/α-Fe₂O₃	6.05^②	297.13	5.80	As(Ⅴ):10	25	6.0	5.0	6.80	86.12	[30]
废棉花	β-FeOOH	8.6^②	8.68	—	As(Ⅴ):0.275	25	7.0	1.0	8.08	＞96.4	[41]
					As(Ⅲ):0.275				6.04	＞96.4
稻壳	Fe₃O₄	—	1736.8	4.22	As(Ⅴ):0.01~10	室温	7~12	10~50	5987	＞85	[68]
花生壳	γ-Fe₂O₃	20.95^②	144.01	—	Cr(Ⅵ):10~320	25	5.13	2.0	77.54	—	[69]
松香	α-Fe₂O₃	—	5.03	50~150	Cr(Ⅵ):50	26	9.0	0.31	166	＞90	[24]
甘蔗渣	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃/FeO	3.54^③	16.18	<100	Cr(Ⅵ):10~300	30	4.61	1.0	71.04	—	[70]
生物污泥	Fe₃O₄/FeO/Fe⁰	—	—	—	Cr(Ⅵ):50	25	2.0	4.0	11.56	—	[71]
木屑	Fe₃O₄	—	68	9.11	Zn:0.6~19.6	20	4.4~5.5	1.25	4.55	—	[33]
					Cu:0.6~19.2				7.68
					Pb:2.0~62.1				31.22
椰子壳	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	—	834	—	Pb:25~125	30	4.5	2.0	162.75	—	[72]
					Cd:25~125		4.8		162.75
废海带	Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	0.97	—	Cu:1200	室温	—	10	47.75	—	[73]
					Cd:1200				23.16
					Zn:1200				22.22
活化玉米秆	α-FeOOH	14.75^②	391.6	6.89	Cu:50	25	7.0	0.25	144.7	71.9	[74]
含Fe生物污泥	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	14.1^②	114.57	32	Cd:8	室温	5.0	0.8	14.18	＞99	[75]
					Pb:70		6.0	1.2	59.50	＞99

铁氧化物/BC					重金属浓度 /mg·L^-1	吸附条件			吸附效果		参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	Fe含量/%	SSA /m²·g^-1	APS^④ /nm	重金属浓度 /mg·L^-1	温度/℃	pH	吸附剂量 /g·L^-1	吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	去除率 /%	参考文献
白杨木	γ-Fe₂O₃	74.3^①	—	—	As(Ⅴ):5~200	22	—	2.0	3.147	—	[20]
松木	γ-Fe₂O₃	2.95^②	193.1	—	As(Ⅴ):1~50	22	—	2.5	0.429	—	[22]
洋葱皮	Fe₃O₄	—	38.58	21	As(Ⅲ):10	25	7.0	0.1	57.47	98.9	[40]
玉米秸	γ-Fe₂O₃/α-Fe₂O₃	6.05^②	297.13	5.80	As(Ⅴ):10	25	6.0	5.0	6.80	86.12	[30]
废棉花	β-FeOOH	8.6^②	8.68	—	As(Ⅴ):0.275	25	7.0	1.0	8.08	＞96.4	[41]
					As(Ⅲ):0.275				6.04	＞96.4
稻壳	Fe₃O₄	—	1736.8	4.22	As(Ⅴ):0.01~10	室温	7~12	10~50	5987	＞85	[68]
花生壳	γ-Fe₂O₃	20.95^②	144.01	—	Cr(Ⅵ):10~320	25	5.13	2.0	77.54	—	[69]
松香	α-Fe₂O₃	—	5.03	50~150	Cr(Ⅵ):50	26	9.0	0.31	166	＞90	[24]
甘蔗渣	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃/FeO	3.54^③	16.18	<100	Cr(Ⅵ):10~300	30	4.61	1.0	71.04	—	[70]
生物污泥	Fe₃O₄/FeO/Fe⁰	—	—	—	Cr(Ⅵ):50	25	2.0	4.0	11.56	—	[71]
木屑	Fe₃O₄	—	68	9.11	Zn:0.6~19.6	20	4.4~5.5	1.25	4.55	—	[33]
					Cu:0.6~19.2				7.68
					Pb:2.0~62.1				31.22
椰子壳	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	—	834	—	Pb:25~125	30	4.5	2.0	162.75	—	[72]
					Cd:25~125		4.8		162.75
废海带	Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	0.97	—	Cu:1200	室温	—	10	47.75	—	[73]
					Cd:1200				23.16
					Zn:1200				22.22
活化玉米秆	α-FeOOH	14.75^②	391.6	6.89	Cu:50	25	7.0	0.25	144.7	71.9	[74]
含Fe生物污泥	Fe₃O₄/Fe₂O₃	14.1^②	114.57	32	Cd:8	室温	5.0	0.8	14.18	＞99	[75]
					Pb:70		6.0	1.2	59.50	＞99

铁氧化物/BC				有机物浓度/mg·L^-1	吸附条件			吸附效果		参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	SSA /m²·g^-1	APS^① /nm	有机物浓度/mg·L^-1	温度 /℃	pH	吸附剂量 /g·L^-1	吸附能力 /mg·g^-1	去除率 /%	参考文献
橘子皮	Fe₃O₄	23.4	7.2	萘：18	25	—	6.25	23.0	99.6	[32]
				对硝基甲苯：318				43.4	87.1
木屑	Fe₃O₄/γ-Fe₂O₃	219	6.69	菲：0.022	20	—	0.375	—	＞99.9	[33]
				苯酚：5-100			1.25	20.695	—
松木屑	Fe₃O₄	125.8	9.6	磺胺甲恶唑：20.1	25	4.0	2.0	13.83	85.2	[34]
松子和核桃壳	Fe₃O₄	365	—	卡马西平：30	25	6.0	0.2	62.7	约40	[45]
				四环素：30				94.2	约50
核桃壳	γ-Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	723.5	2.76	布洛芬：<10	25	3.0	0.5	75	＞95	[79]
含Fe混凝污泥	γ-Fe₂O₃	91	—	氧氟沙星：30	25	6.0	5.0	19.74	约96	[23]
香蕉皮提取物	非晶态Fe_xO_y	—	—	亚甲蓝：50	30	6.1	0.5	862	＞90	[35]

生物炭负载铁氧化物复合材料的制备及在水处理中的应用

Preparation of biochar supported iron oxides composites and its application in water treatment

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铁氧化物/BC				污染物浓度 /mg·L^-1	反应条件					催化降解效果		参考文献
BC	铁氧化物	Fe含量 /%	SSA /m²·g^-1	污染物浓度 /mg·L^-1	催化剂量 /g·L^-1	氧化剂浓度 /mg·L^-1	pH	温度 /℃	时间 /min	去除率 /%	矿化率 /%	参考文献
生物污泥	α-Fe₂O₃	19.3^①	6.30	罗丹明B：55.5	0.33^④	H₂O₂:200	4.0	25	120	＞99.8	＞59	[21]
				硝基苯酚：65		H₂O₂:80			60	92.74	47.25
厌氧硝化污泥	α-Fe₂O₃	19.15^①	15.17	罗丹明B：55.5	0.33^⑤	H₂O₂:200	4.0	25	30	100	69	[83]
甘蔗渣	Fe₃O₄/FeOOH/Fe₂O₃	16.34^①	179.5	橙G:100	0.5	H₂O₂:75	5.5	25	120	99.7	44.2	[84]
生物污泥	Fe₃O₄	—	50.10	亚甲蓝：100	1.0	H₂O₂:300	3.0	室温	20	98	43	[85]
				印染废水TOC:230					30	—	49
棕榈叶柄	α-FeOOH	34.92^②	221	硝基间苯二酚：20	1.0	H₂O₂:850	4	25	40	100	—	[86]
甘蔗渣	Fe₂O₃/Fe₃O₄	—	161.8	甲硝唑：40	0.3	H₂O₂:1122	5.61	30	120	100	32.83	[31]
甘蔗渣	Fe₃O₄/FeOOH/Fe₂O₃	15.61^①	185.4	铬黑T：100	0.1	H₂O₂:34	2~3	25	120	56.6	—	[87]
						K₂S₂O₈:270				87.7	约55
生物污泥	Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)	1.37^③	—	磺胺甲唑：10.13	2.0	K₂S₂O₈:405	5~9	25	180	94.6	58	[88]
生物污泥	Fe(Ⅲ)/Fe(Ⅱ)	0.5^③	157.4	三氯生：10	1.0	KHSO₅:122	7.2	25	240	99.2	32.5	[89]
香蕉皮	γ-Fe₂O₃	5.24^①	504	双酚A：20	0.3	K₂S₂O₈:5mmol	6.28	25	20	100	90	[43]

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