共价有机框架材料的最新进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0065

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

共价有机框架材料（covalent organic frameworks，COFs）是一类新兴的材料，是一种由有机构筑基元构成并用可逆的共价键进行连接、具有结晶性和周期性的多孔材料。因为这种材料比表面积大、密度低，拥有多样性的结构、优秀的热稳定性及孔道易修饰等优点，越来越受到人们的关注。本文综述了近年来COFs的最新发展动态，将其按照基底材料不同进行分类，介绍COFs在储能、光电、催化、生物医药等方面的应用和发展，包括气体的吸附和存储、材料的光电导性、催化反应进行的性能、手性分离和药物缓控释等；讨论了COFs结构的表征以及相比于其他材料所具有的优越特性。最后指出COFs未来发展趋势是合成具有高度稳定性、结构可控、成本低廉的功能性材料，并对其在实际中的应用前景进行展望。

关键词: 共价有机框架材料, 多孔材料, 性能

Abstract:

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) that are composed of organic building blocks connected with reversible covalent bonds are a type of newly emerging porous materials with high crystallization and well-defined periodicity. As a result of their large surface areas, low density, versatile tunable structures, excellent thermal stability, and easily modified channels, COFs have received increasing attention in recent years. This review summarized the research advances on COFs in the past decade by classifying them based on the substrate materials. The application and development of COFs were introduced, such as energy storage, photoelectricity, catalysis and biomedicine, including gas adsorption and storage, the photoconductivity of materials, the performance of catalytic reactions, the chiral separation and sustained-controlled release of drugs, etc. The characterization of COFs structure and the superior feature compared with other materials were discussed. The paper points out that the future development trend of COFs is to synthesize functional materials with high stability, controllable structure and low cost. Finally, the practical application prospects of COFs will be given.

Key words: covalent organic frameworks, porous material, properties

中图分类号:

TB32

刘春晖,马晓莉. 共价有机框架材料的最新进展[J]. 化工进展, 2019, 38(11): 4978-4990.

Chunhui LIU,Xiaoli MA. Latest development of covalent organic frameworks[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(11): 4978-4990.

图/表 14

图1 构建COFs的可逆反应（红色部分为共价键）

图2 COF-1和COF-5结构示意图

图3 四面体单体自缩合为COF-103和COF-103晶体结构示意图

图4 CTF-1合成以及晶体结构扩展的示意图

图5 PI-COF-1、PI-COF-2和PI-COF-3合成方法及平面结构示意图

图6 PI-COF-4非贯穿金刚石结构和PI-COF-5四重贯穿

图7 不同吸附材料对氢气的吸附

图8 FS-COF的组成单元

图9 不同材料对甲烷气体的吸附

图10 不同材料在298K及不同压力下对甲烷的吸附容量

图11 PPy-COF和TP-COF的建筑单元和扩展结构

图12 PPy-COF的荧光显微图像和在414nm，25℃下激发时PPy-COF及PDBA归一化荧光光谱图

图13 COF-LZUI结构图以及与Pd离子配位的原理

图14 将生物分子共价固定在COF中

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