垃圾焚烧飞灰耦合建筑垃圾微粉-市政污泥烧结制备陶粒

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2011

化工进展 ›› 2025, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (12): 7281-7289.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-2011

• 资源与环境化工 • 上一篇

垃圾焚烧飞灰耦合建筑垃圾微粉-市政污泥烧结制备陶粒

聂彦琪¹(), 李祎璋¹, 何旭阳¹, 张丁元¹, 李卫华¹(), 高伟杰², 赵长霞², 孙英杰¹, 孙浩然¹, 王玉凤¹, 朱金林¹, 卞荣星¹, 路成刚¹

^1.青岛理工大学环境与市政工程学院，青岛市固体废物污染控制与资源化工程研究中心，山东青岛 266520
^2.青岛市固体废弃物处置有限责任公司，山东青岛 266300

收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-01-13 出版日期:2025-12-25 发布日期:2026-01-06
通讯作者: 李卫华
作者简介:聂彦琪（1999—），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为焚烧飞灰污染控制与资源化。E-mail：1640649050@qq.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52370139);青岛市科技惠民示范专项(24-1-8-cspz-10-nsh);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202410429087);山东省大学生创新创业训练计划(S202410429088);山东省高等学校“青创团队计划”团队项目(2023KJ117)

Preparation of ceramsite by coupling sintering MSW incineration fly ash with construction waste micro-powder and municipal sludge

NIE Yanqi¹(), LI Yizhang¹, HE Xuyang¹, ZHANG Dingyuan¹, LI Weihua¹(), GAO Weijie², ZHAO Changxia², SUN Yingjie¹, SUN Haoran¹, WANG Yufeng¹, ZHU Jinlin¹, BIAN Rongxing¹, LU Chenggang¹

^1.Qingdao Solid Waste Pollution Control and Resource Engineering Research Center, School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, Shandong, China
^2.Qingdao Solid Waste Disposal Co. , Ltd. , Qingdao 266300, Shandong, China

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-01-13 Online:2025-12-25 Published:2026-01-06
Contact: LI Weihua

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以生活垃圾（MSW）焚烧飞灰耦合建筑垃圾微粉-市政污泥烧结制备陶粒为目的，进行了原料配比及烧结参数的优化实验研究，并评价了烧结陶粒性能、烧结过程矿物相变化及氯、重金属迁移特征。结果表明：飞灰、微粉和污泥掺入量分别为30%、65%和10%，预热温度、预热时间、烧结温度和烧结时间分别为500℃、20min、1150℃和25min条件下，可烧制出以透辉石[Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆]和石英（SiO₂）为矿物骨架、符合GB/T 17431.1—2010规范的高强轻质陶粒，其筒压强度、堆积密度和1h吸水率分别为13.01MPa、1087kg/m³和0.43%。污泥掺量和烧结温度、预热温度对陶粒的筒压强度、表观密度和1h吸水率等关键性能影响较大。飞灰原灰的直接掺入烧结会导致Cl和Cd、Cu、Zn、Pb较高的烧失率，不利于烧结过程烟气的稳定控制，宜进行必要的脱氯预处理。研究结果可为脱氯提质飞灰耦合多源固废烧结制备高强轻质陶粒资源化利用研究以及烧结参数优化、烧结过程重金属污染控制等提供科学依据和理论参考。

关键词: 陶粒, 垃圾焚烧飞灰, 建筑垃圾微粉, 市政污泥, 烟气污染控制

Abstract:

The optimization experiment of raw material ratio and sintering parameters was carried out for the preparation of ceramsite by coupling construction waste micro-powder and municipal sludge with municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration fly ash. The properties of sintered ceramsite, mineral phase changes and migration characteristics of chlorine and heavy metals during sintering process were evaluated. The results indicated that with the incorporation of fly ash, micro-powder, and sludge at 30%, 65% and 10% respectively, under the conditions of preheating temperature at 500℃, preheating time of 20min, sintering temperature at 1150℃ and sintering time of 25min, it was possible to produce high-strength lightweight ceramic pellets with a mineral framework of diopside [Ca(Mg,Al)(Si,Al)₂O₆] and quartz (SiO₂), which complied with the GB/T 17431.1—2010 standard. Their bucket compression strength, bulk density and 1h water absorption rate were 13.01MPa, 1087kg/m³ and 0.43%, respectively. The sludge dosage, sintering temperature and preheating temperature had a significant impact on the key properties such as the cylinder compression strength, apparent density and 1h water absorption rate of ceramsite. The direct addition of raw fly ash into sintering can lead to high burn loss rates of Cl and Cd, Cu, Zn and Pb, which was not conducive to stable control of flue gas during sintering. It was recommended to perform necessary dechlorination pretreatment. The research results can provide scientific basis and theoretical reference for the resource utilization of high-strength and lightweight ceramsite prepared by coupling dechlorination and upgrading fly ash with multi-source solid waste sintering, as well as the optimization of sintering parameters and the control of heavy metal pollution during sintering process.

Key words: ceramsite, MSW incineration fly ash, construction waste micro-powder, municipal sludge, flue gas pollution control

中图分类号:

X705

聂彦琪, 李祎璋, 何旭阳, 张丁元, 李卫华, 高伟杰, 赵长霞, 孙英杰, 孙浩然, 王玉凤, 朱金林, 卞荣星, 路成刚. 垃圾焚烧飞灰耦合建筑垃圾微粉-市政污泥烧结制备陶粒[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(12): 7281-7289.

NIE Yanqi, LI Yizhang, HE Xuyang, ZHANG Dingyuan, LI Weihua, GAO Weijie, ZHAO Changxia, SUN Yingjie, SUN Haoran, WANG Yufeng, ZHU Jinlin, BIAN Rongxing, LU Chenggang. Preparation of ceramsite by coupling sintering MSW incineration fly ash with construction waste micro-powder and municipal sludge[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(12): 7281-7289.

图/表 15

参考文献 31

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类型	指标	仪器/方法
陶粒性能	颗粒强度	微机控制电子万能试验机（WDW-50）
陶粒性能	表观密度、堆积密度、1h吸水率、筒压强度、空隙率	《轻集料及其试验方法第2部分：轻集料试验方法》（GB/T 17431.2—2010）
材料特性	元素组成	X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF，Zetium）
	矿物组成	X射线衍射仪（XRD，Smartlab9）
	重金属含量	石墨炉消解+电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES，iCAP7000）
	热稳定性	热重分析仪（TG-DTG，STA 449 F3）

类型	指标	仪器/方法
陶粒性能	颗粒强度	微机控制电子万能试验机（WDW-50）
陶粒性能	表观密度、堆积密度、1h吸水率、筒压强度、空隙率	《轻集料及其试验方法第2部分：轻集料试验方法》（GB/T 17431.2—2010）
材料特性	元素组成	X射线荧光光谱仪（XRF，Zetium）
	矿物组成	X射线衍射仪（XRD，Smartlab9）
	重金属含量	石墨炉消解+电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪（ICP-OES，iCAP7000）
	热稳定性	热重分析仪（TG-DTG，STA 449 F3）

实验组别	CW掺量变化	MS掺量变化	FA掺量变化
实验组别	FA∶CW∶MS	FA∶CW∶MS	FA∶CW∶MS
G1	15∶65∶20	10∶60∶30	25∶60∶15
G2	20∶60∶20	15∶60∶25	30∶60∶15
G3	25∶55∶20	20∶60∶20	35∶60∶15
G4	30∶50∶20	25∶60∶15	40∶60∶15
G5	35∶45∶20	30∶60∶10	45∶60∶15

实验组别	CW掺量变化	MS掺量变化	FA掺量变化
实验组别	FA∶CW∶MS	FA∶CW∶MS	FA∶CW∶MS
G1	15∶65∶20	10∶60∶30	25∶60∶15
G2	20∶60∶20	15∶60∶25	30∶60∶15
G3	25∶55∶20	20∶60∶20	35∶60∶15
G4	30∶50∶20	25∶60∶15	40∶60∶15
G5	35∶45∶20	30∶60∶10	45∶60∶15

序号	因素			陶粒性能
序号	FA	CW	MS	筒压强度/MPa	表观密度/g·cm^-3	1h吸水率/%
1	20	55	10	10.80	2.06	1.00
2	20	60	15	12.00	2.22	2.33
3	20	65	20	11.20	2.22	1.52
4	25	55	15	10.10	2.30	1.93
5	25	60	20	11.50	2.28	1.04
6	25	65	10	12.20	2.22	1.15
7	30	55	20	12.30	2.30	1.38
8	30	60	15	8.10	2.34	1.55
9	30	65	10	13.10	2.17	0.35

垃圾焚烧飞灰耦合建筑垃圾微粉-市政污泥烧结制备陶粒

Preparation of ceramsite by coupling sintering MSW incineration fly ash with construction waste micro-powder and municipal sludge

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参考文献 31

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项目	筒压强度/MPa			表观密度/g·cm^-³			1h吸水率/%
项目	FA	CW	MS	FA	CW	MS	FA	CW	MS
K₁	34.00	33.20	36.10	6.50	6.66	6.45	4.85	4.31	2.5
K₂	33.80	31.60	30.20	6.80	6.84	6.86	4.12	4.92	5.81
K₃	33.50	36.50	35.00	6.81	6.61	6.80	3.28	3.02	3.94
k₁	11.33	11.07	12.03	2.17	2.22	2.15	1.62	1.44	0.83
k₂	11.27	10.53	10.07	2.27	2.28	2.29	1.37	1.64	1.94
k₃	11.17	12.17	11.67	2.27	2.20	2.27	1.09	1.01	1.31
R	0.16	1.64	1.96	0.102	0.075	0.137	0.53	0.63	1.11
优选方案	FA₁	CW₃	MS₁	FA₁	CW₃	MS₁	FA₃	CW₃	MS₁

序号	因素				陶粒性能
序号	A/℃	B/min	C/℃	D/min	筒压强度/MPa	表观密度/g·cm^-³	1h吸水率/%
1	450	15	1140	15	5.55	2.022	0.97
2	500	20	1140	25	7.46	2.107	0.22
3	400	25	1140	20	6.45	2.111	0.57
4	500	25	1145	15	6.86	2.209	0.43
5	450	20	1145	20	6.94	2.217	0.49
6	400	15	1145	25	7.27	2.136	0.06
7	450	25	1150	25	8.41	2.104	0.73
8	400	20	1150	15	7.89	1.890	0.47
9	500	15	1150	20	7.66	2.020	0.24

项目	筒压强度/MPa				表观密度/g·cm^-³				1h吸水率/%
项目	A	B	C	D	A	B	C	D	A	B	C	D
K₁	21.61	20.48	19.46	20.30	6.14	6.18	6.24	6.12	1.10	1.27	1.76	1.87
K₂	20.90	22.29	21.07	21.05	6.34	6.21	6.56	6.35	2.19	1.18	0.98	1.30
K₃	21.98	21.72	23.96	23.14	6.34	6.42	6.01	6.35	0.89	1.73	1.44	1.01
k₁	7.20	6.83	6.49	6.77	2.05	2.06	2.08	2.04	0.37	0.42	0.59	0.62
k₂	6.97	7.43	7.02	7.02	2.11	2.07	2.19	2.12	0.73	0.39	0.33	0.43
k₃	7.33	7.24	7.99	7.71	2.11	2.14	2.00	2.12	0.30	0.58	0.48	0.34
R	0.36	0.60	1.50	0.94	0.06	0.08	0.19	0.08	0.43	0.19	0.26	0.28
优选方案	A₃	B₂	C₃	D₃	A₁	B₁	C₃	D₁	A₃	B₂	C₂	D₃

项目	烧结陶粒	高强轻质粗集料
颗粒强度/kN	7.89	—
筒压强度/MPa	13.01	≥6.5
表观密度/kg·m^-3	2094	—
堆积密度/kg·m^-³	1087	>1000
1h吸水率/%	0.43	≤10

元素	含量		烧结损失率/%	沸点/℃
元素	生料球	陶粒	烧结损失率/%	氯化态	氧化态
Cl	8.88%	3.61%	50.01	—	—
Cd	53.47mg/kg	6.26mg/kg	85.59	960	1385
Cr	87.27mg/kg	68.40mg/kg	3.48	1302	4000
Cu	155.42mg/kg	36.74mg/kg	70.89	993	1516
Ni	64.30mg/kg	49.73mg/kg	4.76	987	—
Pb	343.20mg/kg	18.98mg/kg	93.19	950	1535
Zn	1469.52mg/kg	353.97mg/kg	70.34	732	2360

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