Cu-H2O和Al2O3-H2O纳米流体稳定性及影响因素

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1763

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用两步法制备了质量分数为0.5%的Cu-H₂O和Al₂O₃-H₂O两种纳米流体，依次分析了多个因素对纳米流体稳定性的影响，包括超声处理时间、分散剂种类、分散剂添加浓度以及pH等。实验发现，针对不同类型的纳米流体，均存在各自的最佳超声处理时间、pH及合适的分散剂类型，Cu-H₂O和Al₂O₃-H₂O这两种纳米流体的最佳分散剂分别为十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP），最佳超声处理时间均为60min左右，最佳pH分别为8和4。当添加分散剂的质量分数为0.5%时，纳米流体的分散稳定性表现得最好。此外，本文还提出了一种基于沉淀观察法的量化表征纳米流体稳定性的表达式，通过这一方法，可以更为准确地确定制备纳米流体的最佳方案和配比，从而为未来相关研究和应用提供重要的参考依据。

关键词: 纳米流体, 稳定性, 沉淀观察法, Cu-H₂O纳米流体, Al₂O₃-H₂O纳米流体

Abstract:

Two-step methods were used to prepare Cu-H₂O and Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids with a mass fraction of 0.5%. The influence of various factors on the stability of nanofluids, including ultrasonic treatment time, dispersant type, dispersant addition concentration and pH value, was analyzed sequentially. The results indicated that for different types of nanofluids, there were their optimal ultrasonic treatment time, pH value and suitable dispersant. The optimal dispersants for Cu-H₂O and Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids were sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), respectively, and the optimal ultrasonic treatment times were about 60min for both. The optimal pH for Cu-H₂O and Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids were 8 and 4, respectively. When the dispersant addition concentration was 0.5%, the dispersed stability of nanofluids was the best. In addition, a quantitative expression for characterizing the stability of nanofluids based on precipitation observation method was proposed in this paper. Through this method, the optimal preparation scheme and proportion of nanofluids could be determined more accurately, thus providing important reference for future related research and applications.

Key words: nanofluids, stability, precipitation observation method, Cu-H₂O nanofluids, Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids

中图分类号:

TQ04

房玉宝, 张西龙. Cu-H₂O和Al₂O₃-H₂O纳米流体稳定性及影响因素[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6574-6580.

FANG Yubao, ZHANG Xilong. Stability and influencing factors of Cu-H₂O and Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6574-6580.

图/表 7

图 1 纳米颗粒实物

表1 基液与纳米颗粒相关参数

参数	Cu	Al₂O₃	H₂O
密度ρ/kg·m^-3	8978	3600	1000
热导率/W·(m·K)^-1	387.6	40	0.59
比热容c_p /J·(kg·K)^-1	400	450	4186
粒径d/nm	30	30	—

图2 不同超声处理时间的纳米流体沉降速率

图3 添加不同类型表面活性剂的纳米流体沉降速率

图4 不同表面活性剂添加量的纳米流体静置沉淀

图5 不同表面活性剂添加量的纳米流体沉降速率

图6 不同pH的纳米流体沉淀速率

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Cu-H₂O和Al₂O₃-H₂O纳米流体稳定性及影响因素

Stability and influencing factors of Cu-H₂O and Al₂O₃-H₂O nanofluids

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