炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体的稳定性

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2024-1589

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

炭黑纳米流体因其优异的光学吸收性能和热性能，在光热转换领域具有广泛的应用前景，但是炭黑纳米颗粒易团聚沉降等不稳定性问题一直是限制其在工业领域应用和推广的关键因素之一。本文利用两步法制备炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体，采用静置观察法、zeta电位法、离心沉降法以及吸光度测量法对炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体的稳定性进行表征，并探究以黄原胶（XG）为分散剂的炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体在不同环境条件下的稳定特性。结果表明，加入质量分数为0.1%的黄原胶时，得到的炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体稳定性最好，所制备的纳米流体能稳定兼容多种炭黑浓度，并且黄原胶的加入可以显著提高炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体的耐盐性和耐冻融性，在较宽的pH范围和热循环的环境下均具有优异的稳定性。

关键词: 纳米流体, 黄原胶, 炭黑, 稳定性, 分散

Abstract:

The potential applications of carbon black nanofluids in the field of photothermal conversion are extensive due to its excellent optical and thermal properties. However, the instability issues associated with carbon black nanoparticles, including agglomeration and sedimentation, have been a significant obstacle to the industrial utilization and promotion of carbon black nanofluids. In this study, carbon black/xanthan gum (XG) water-based nanofluids were prepared using a two-step method, and their stability was characterized through static observation, zeta potential measurements, centrifugal sedimentation and absorbance measurements. Additionally, the stability of carbon black/xanthan gum water-based nanofluids with xanthan gum as the dispersing agent was investigated under different environmental conditions. The findings indicated that the optimal stability of carbon black/xanthan gum water-based nanofluids was attained with the incorporation of xanthan gum at a mass fraction of 0.1%, and the prepared nanofluids exhibited stable compatibility with a broad spectrum of carbon black concentrations. Furthermore, the incorporation of xanthan gum led to a substantial enhancement in the salt and freeze-thaw resistance of the carbon black/xanthan gum water-based nanofluids. The nanofluids exhibited remarkable stability across a broad pH range and in the context of thermal cycling.

Key words: nanofluids, xanthan gum, carbon black, stability, dispersion

中图分类号:

TK01⁺9

谭晶, 尹志凡, 朱文雷, 尹宏远, 黄浩东, 徐逢时, 杨卫民, 安瑛. 炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体的稳定性[J]. 化工进展, 2025, 44(11): 6695-6704.

TAN Jing, YIN Zhifan, ZHU Wenlei, YIN Hongyuan, HUANG Haodong, XU Fengshi, YANG Weimin, AN Ying. Stability study of carbon black/xanthan gum water-based nanofluids[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2025, 44(11): 6695-6704.

图/表 16

图1 两步法制备纳米流体的步骤

图2 黄原胶和炭黑在水溶液中的空间位阻构象示意图

图3 炭黑纳米颗粒及炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体的微观结构

图4 不同黄原胶质量分数下的炭黑纳米流体的zeta电位和平均粒径

图5 不同黄原胶质量分数下的炭黑纳米流体静置30天的吸光度变化

图6 不同黄原胶质量分数下的炭黑纳米流体的离心沉降效果

图7 不同黄原胶质量分数下的炭黑纳米流体的吸光度对比

图8 不同炭黑纳米颗粒质量分数下的纳米流体的静置效果

图9 不同炭黑纳米颗粒质量分数下的纳米流体静置30天的吸光度变化

图10 有无黄原胶的纳米流体在不同NaCl质量分数下的静置效果

图11 炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体在不同NaCl质量分数下的30天吸光度变化

图12 有无黄原胶的纳米流体在不同NaCl质量分数下的zeta电位

图13 有无黄原胶的纳米流体的冻融效果

图14 含有黄原胶的炭黑纳米流体冻融后静置30天的吸光度变化

图15 炭黑/黄原胶水基纳米流体在不同pH条件下30天吸光度变化

图16 不同炭黑纳米颗粒质量分数的纳米流体在不同热循环次数下的吸光度变化

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