非均匀高热通量内置纽带冷却通道阻力特性分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0322

化工进展 ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (10): 5083-5091.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0322

非均匀高热通量内置纽带冷却通道阻力特性分析

朱戈¹(), 毕勤成², 田书建¹, 颜建国³

^1.华北水利水电大学能源与动力工程学院，河南郑州 450045
^2.西安交通大学动力工程及多相流国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710049
^3.西安理工大学西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室，陕西西安 710048

收稿日期:2023-03-03 修回日期:2023-05-21 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-11
通讯作者: 朱戈
作者简介:朱戈（1989—），男，讲师，研究方向为反应堆热工水力。E-mail：zhuge@ncwu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
陕西省博士后科研项目(2018BSHEDZZ61);河南省科技攻关项目(232102320226);河南省科技攻关项目(222102230087)

Analysis of pressure drop characteristics of the cooling channel with twisted tape insert under high and non-uniform heat fluxes

ZHU Ge¹(), BI Qincheng², TIAN Shujian¹, YAN Jianguo³

^1.School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450045, Henan, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi, China
^3.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, Shaanxi, China

Received:2023-03-03 Revised:2023-05-21 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2023-11-11
Contact: ZHU Ge

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以托卡马克装置中偏滤器的靶板水冷通道为背景，实验研究了非均匀热通量下有、无内置纽带的圆形冷却通道的阻力特性。工质为去离子水，主要参数为：质量流速G为(3~8)×10³kg/(m²∙s)、实验段入口压力P为3MPa、4.2MPa、5MPa、等效单侧辐射热通量q_e为5~10MW/m²。采用通电方式对偏置圆形通道进行加热，来模拟偏滤器受到高温等离子体的单侧辐射加热。对非均匀高热通量下的竖直上升圆形冷却通道进行流动阻力实验。详细讨论了内置纽带结构以及q_e、G、P等系统参数对实验段阻力dP的影响：在单相流动区，实验段阻力主要受到内置纽带、质量流速和热通量的影响，有内置纽带的阻力显著高于无纽带的工况，且q_e越低，G越高，则dP越大；在欠热沸腾流动区，dP与内置纽带、q_e、G、P均有相关性：其中内置纽带和G对dP的影响减小，P对dP的影响增强。q_e越高、G越高、P越低的工况，dP越大。对受热圆形通道的单相阻力关联式进行评估，结果表明：几乎所有关联式都高估了给定黏度比下的阻力系数比。根据实验数据拟合出适用于高质量流速和非均匀高热通量下的单相流动阻力关联式，其均方根误差为3.17%。

关键词: 非均匀高热通量, 内置纽带, 高质量流速, 阻力关联式, 偏滤器

Abstract:

In the context of the cooling channel of divertor target in the tokamak, the pressure drop experiments in circular channel with and without twisted tape insert were carried out under mass flux G=(3—8)×10³kg/(m²∙s), system pressure P=3MPa, 4.2MPa, 5MPa and the equivalent one-side radiating heat flux q_e=5—10MW/m². The coolant was subcooled water. The off-center heating method was used to simulate the one-side radiating from high-temperature plasma in the tokamak of fusion reactor. The effects of the twisted tape and q_e, G, P on pressure drop were discussed in detail. It showed that the dP was significantly affected by the twisted tape, G, and q_e in the single-phase region. A lower q_e and a higher G led to a higher dP. The dP was affected by the twisted tape, q_e, G, and P in the subcooled boiling region. A higher q_e, a higher G and a lower P lead to a higher dP. The correlations of pressure drop in the single-phase were assessed by the experimental data. The results showed that the ratio of heated and adiabatic single-phase friction factor were overvalued by almost all the single-phase correlations. A new pressure drop correlation was proposed to predict the single-phase pressure drop in an off-center heated circular channel under high mass fluxes and high heat fluxes. The root-mean-square error of the new correlation was 3.17%.

Key words: high and non-uniform heat fluxes, twisted tape insert, high mass fluxes, pressure drop correlations, divertor

中图分类号:

TK121

朱戈, 毕勤成, 田书建, 颜建国. 非均匀高热通量内置纽带冷却通道阻力特性分析[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5083-5091.

ZHU Ge, BI Qincheng, TIAN Shujian, YAN Jianguo. Analysis of pressure drop characteristics of the cooling channel with twisted tape insert under high and non-uniform heat fluxes[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5083-5091.

图/表 15

图1 实验回路

图2 两种加热方式的周向热通量分布

图3 实验段及纽带照片

图4 实验段尺寸及热电偶分布(单位：mm)

表1 主要测量仪表

测量参数	参数范围	测量仪表	精度/%
流量	0~2.5t/h	质量流量计	0.5
压力	0~6MPa	Rosemount 3051压力变送器	0.3
流体温度	20~300℃	ϕ1.5mm铠装铜-康铜热电偶	0.5
实验段壁面温度	20~1100℃	ϕ1.5mm镍铬-镍硅热电偶	0.4

表2 主要实验参数的不确定度

参数	不确定度/%
电加热功率/kW	2.2
系统压力/MPa	0.3
质量流速/kg·m^-2·s^-1	0.8
等效单侧热通量/MW·m^-2	3.3
流体温度/℃	0.5
外壁温度/℃	0.4
实验段阻力/kPa	7.86

图5 典型工况下的有、无内置纽带的阻力曲线对比

图6 热通量对实验段阻力的影响

图7 质量流速对实验段阻力的影响

图8 系统压力对实验段阻力的影响

表3 圆管内受热流动单相阻力关联式

提出者	表达式	P/MPa	G/kg·m^-2·s^-1	q/MW·m^-2
Celata等^[23]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.25$	1~2.5	(5~10)×10³	<14
Hoffman等^[17]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.3$	0.2~2.8	(2.5~10)×10³	<9.7
Sieder等^[24]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.14$	未提及	25~387	<0.013
Tong等^[25]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.163$	0.4~1.6	(25~45)×10³	<80
Tarasova等^[12]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.22$	22.6~26.5	(2~5)×10³	0.58~1.32
Owens等^[13]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.4$	0.34~2.76	1143~5322	0.675~4
Dormer等^[15]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.35$	0.2~0.55	(1.5~15)×10³	<17.35

表3 圆管内受热流动单相阻力关联式

提出者	表达式	P/MPa	G/kg·m^-2·s^-1	q/MW·m^-2
Celata等^[23]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.25$	1~2.5	(5~10)×10³	<14
Hoffman等^[17]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.3$	0.2~2.8	(2.5~10)×10³	<9.7
Sieder等^[24]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.14$	未提及	25~387	<0.013
Tong等^[25]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.163$	0.4~1.6	(25~45)×10³	<80
Tarasova等^[12]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.22$	22.6~26.5	(2~5)×10³	0.58~1.32
Owens等^[13]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.4$	0.34~2.76	1143~5322	0.675~4
Dormer等^[15]	$f f a d = η w η b 0.35$	0.2~0.55	(1.5~15)×10³	<17.35

图9 实验数据与单相阻力关联式计算值的对比

图10 单相阻力关联式的计算值与实验值的偏差

图11 单相阻力关联式的误差分布

表4 典型单相阻力关联式的预测误差

关联式	RSME/%
Celata^[23]	19.27
Hoffman-Wang^[17]	14.06
Sieder-Tate^[24]	32.00
Tong^[25]	29.19
Tarasova-Leont^[12]	22.57
Owens-Schrock^[13]	5.08
Dormer-Bergles^[15]	9.24
本文关联式	3.17

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非均匀高热通量内置纽带冷却通道阻力特性分析

Analysis of pressure drop characteristics of the cooling channel with twisted tape insert under high and non-uniform heat fluxes

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