空气取水用活性炭纤维复合吸附剂的研究

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

吸附式空气取水的技术具有较宽的湿度适用范围，被认为是缓解全球淡水资源紧缺的有效途径。吸附剂的选取和研发是提高取水性能的关键。本文采用甲酸钾和乙酸钠溶液分别浸渍经过硅溶胶固化后的活性炭纤维，制得复合吸附剂AS/pf和AS/S，测试并分析了它们的吸附/解吸性能、理论日产水能力和经济性，并与氯化锂浸渍的复合吸附剂（AS/L）对比。相同吸附和脱附工况下，相比AS/L、AS/pf的吸附和脱附速率常数分别提高了108%和161%；AS/S的吸附和脱附速率常数分别提高了131%和155%。综合考虑经济性和理论日产水能力，采用AS/S更适合循环时间在3h内的快速循环吸附式空气取水系统。当循环时间长于3h时，需要根据取水系统总成本在AS/S和AS/L之间慎重选择。

关键词: 吸附式空气取水, 复合吸附剂, 吸附, 解吸, 理论日产水能力

Abstract:

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) can be utilized in a wide range of humidity. It is considered an effective way to alleviate the global fresh water shortage. The key to increase capability of SAWH system is the selection and development of adsorbents. In this paper, potassium formate and sodium acetate were impregnated to silica sol supported activated carbon fibers respectively, and composite adsorbents AS/pf and AS/S were developed. Their adsorption/desorption properties, potential daily water productivity and economic performance were studied and compared to adsorbent impregnated with lithium chloride (AS/L). Under the same adsorption and desorption conditions, adsorption and desorption rate coefficients of AS/pf were 108% and 161% higher than AS/L, while those of AS/S increased by 131% and 155%, respectively. Considering the cost of composite adsorbents and potential daily water productivity, AS/S was especially suitable for rapid-cycling SAWH systems when an adsorption-desorption cycle was no more than 3h. When the cycling time was longer than 3h, carefully selection between AS/S and AS/L was needed according to the conditions of practical projects.

Key words: adsorption atmospheric water harvesting, composite adsorbents, adsorption, desorption, daily potential water productivity

中图分类号:

TU991.1

王胜楠, 郑旭. 空气取水用活性炭纤维复合吸附剂的研究[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5567-5573.

WANG Shengnan, ZHENG Xu. Research on activated carbon fiber based composite adsorbents for atmospheric water harvesting[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(10): 5567-5573.

图/表 9

图1 制备流程图

表1 样片参数

参数	AS/pf	AS/S	AS/L
盐种类	HCOOK	CH₃COONa	LiCl
盐（质量分数）/%	26.7	26.7	30
样片中硅溶胶的质量分数/%	39.0	36.8	37.4
样片中盐的质量分数/%	48.1	50.8	51.7

表2 各样片的比表面积、孔体积和孔径

参数	ACF	AS/Pf	AS/S	AS/L
比表面积/m²·g^-1	1828.46	2.12	67.25	235.46
孔体积/cm³·g^-1	0.511	0.003	0.072	0.142
平均孔径/nm	1.95	5.55	3.60	2.98

图2 样片动态吸附/脱附的实验与拟合数据

表3 吸附/脱附速率系数和相关系数的平方

参数	AS/pf	AS/S	AS/L
k_ad/s^-1	2.7×10^-4	3×10^-4	1.3×10^-4
$R a d 2$	0.992	0.996	0.998
K_de/s^-1	8.1×10^-4	7.9×10^-4	3.1×10^-4
$R d e 2$	0.995	0.994	0.986

表3 吸附/脱附速率系数和相关系数的平方

参数	AS/pf	AS/S	AS/L
k_ad/s^-1	2.7×10^-4	3×10^-4	1.3×10^-4
$R a d 2$	0.992	0.996	0.998
K_de/s^-1	8.1×10^-4	7.9×10^-4	3.1×10^-4
$R d e 2$	0.995	0.994	0.986

图3 AS/pf、AS/S和AS/L在不同吸附/解吸时间比下的吸附-解吸动力学

图4 不同循环时间下的理论日产水能力

图5 各材料在7种循环时间的最佳吸附/解吸时间比下的理论日产水量

表4 考虑系统总成本的理论日产水量单位：g/(kg·d)

β	复合吸附剂	循环时间/h
β	复合吸附剂	2	3	4	6	8	12	24
0.1	AS/pf	4.8	4.3	3.7	2.7	2.0	1.4	0.7
	AS/S	0.9	8.6	7.2	5.1	3.9	2.6	1.3
	AS/L	1.3	2.1	2.4	2.5	2.2	1.7	0.9
1	AS/pf	1.9	17	1.5	1.1	0.8	0.5	0.3
	AS/S	2.4	2.1	1.7	1.2	0.9	0.6	0.3
	AS/L	0.7	1.1	1.3	1.4	1.2	0.9	0.5
5	AS/pf	0.52	0.46	0.39	0.29	0.22	0.15	0.07
	AS/S	0.54	0.47	0.39	0.28	0.21	0.14	0.07
	AS/L	0.23	0.38	0.45	0.45	0.40	0.30	0.16

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