苯并𫫇嗪树脂研究进展

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1947

化工进展 ›› 2022, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (8): 4224-4240.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-1947

苯并𫫇嗪树脂研究进展

祖立武¹^,²(), 毕莹¹^,²^,³, 赵缤慧¹^,², 李纪东¹^,², 杨晴¹^,², 丛姗姗¹^,²

^1.齐齐哈大学材料科学与工程学院，黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
^2.黑龙江省聚合物基复合材料重点实验室，黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
^3.齐齐哈大学化学与化学工程学院，黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006

收稿日期:2021-09-10 修回日期:2021-11-16 出版日期:2022-08-25 发布日期:2022-08-22
通讯作者: 祖立武
作者简介:祖立武（1972—），男，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为高性能聚合物制备及改性。E-mail：zlwsm@qqhru.edu.cn。
基金资助:
黑龙江省重点研发计划指导类项目(GZ20210034);黑龙江省聚合物基复合材料重点实验室开放课题(CLKFKT2021B11)

Research progress in benzoxazine resin

ZU Liwu¹^,²(), BI Ying¹^,²^,³, ZHAO Binhui¹^,², LI Jidong¹^,², YANG Qing¹^,², CONG Shanshan¹^,²

^1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
^2.Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymeric Composite Materials, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China
^3.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar 161006, Heilongjiang, China

Received:2021-09-10 Revised:2021-11-16 Online:2022-08-25 Published:2022-08-22
Contact: ZU Liwu

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

聚苯并嗪树脂（PBZ）是一类杂环聚合物材料，具有优异的热稳定性、高的抗拉强度和良好的耐化学性，在航空复合材料、共混物和电子电路板等许多领域得到了应用。本文概述了制备苯并嗪（BZ）单体的三种路线及合成方法，总结了在无催化剂条件下BZ单体的阳离子开环聚合（ROP）机理；详细阐述了含可固化基团的功能化BZ单体的种类以及可固化基团对PBZ树脂性能的影响，同样也详细论述了不含可固化基团的功能化BZ单体的结构性能以及研究现状。通过分子设计，科研人员已制备出了单官能团取代、双官能团取代、可聚合官能团取代的BZ单体，以及高分子量主链的BZ和主链含有BZ单元的化合物材料；简述了PBZ复合材料的研究进展，指出了PBZ树脂存在加工温度高、经典的PBZ脆性大的缺点以及产生的原因，最后指出苯并嗪树脂的发展方向为制备绿色生物基BZ、PBZ复合材料的改性以及合成新结构的功能性BZ。

关键词: 热固性树脂, 杂环化合物, 苯并嗪, 分子设计, 结构与性能

Abstract:

Polybenzoxazine(PBZ) as a class of heterocyclic polymers are ranked as materials of superb thermal stability, extremely high tensile strength and good chemical resistance, which has been applied in many fields such as aerospace composites, blends and electronic circuit boards. In this paper, three routes and synthesis methods for preparing BZ monomer are reviewed, and the mechanism of cationic ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of benzoxazine (BZ) monomer without catalyst is summarized. Functionalized BZ monomers with containing addition-curable sites are categorized, and the influence of curable groups on the properties of PBZ is mainly discussed. Similarly, the structure, properties and research status of functionalised BZ with varying structural features but no additional polymerisable groups are investigated in detail. By molecular design, the monofunctional, difunctional and polymerisable group-substituted BZ is prepared, as well as high-molecular-weight PBZ and main-chain BZ novice materials. The research progress of BZ composites is introduced. The shortcomings of PBZ resin, such as high processing temperature and high brittleness of classical PBZ, and the reasons are pointed out. Finally, the development direction of benzoxazine resin in the preparation of green bio-based BZ, the modification of PBZ composite material and the synthesis of functional BZ with new structure are prospected.

Key words: thermoset resin, heterocycles, benzoxazine, molecular design, structure-property relationships

中图分类号:

TQ32

祖立武, 毕莹, 赵缤慧, 李纪东, 杨晴, 丛姗姗. 苯并𫫇嗪树脂研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(8): 4224-4240.

ZU Liwu, BI Ying, ZHAO Binhui, LI Jidong, YANG Qing, CONG Shanshan. Research progress in benzoxazine resin[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(8): 4224-4240.

图/表 23

图1 三种苯并??嗪合成路线

图2 BZ单体热开环聚合机理

图3 含烯烃功能基团的BZ结构式

图4 含乙炔基团BZ结构式

图5 含炔丙基官能团BZ结构式

图6 含乙炔基和邻降冰片烯基苯并??嗪（oHPNI-ac）和含乙炔的苯并??嗪异构体（oHTI-ac）合成路线

图7 含有氰酸酯基团的苯并??嗪（PH-acy）合成路线

图8 包含氰基功能团的BZ结构式

图9 含咪唑核基BZ合成路线

图10 含呋喃基团BZ合成路线

图11 含有马来酰亚胺基团的BZ结构式

图12 含手性和非手性基团的BZ结构式

图13 硅烷功能性BZ结构式

图14 不同中心主链双官能团BZ单体结构式

图15 含螺环中心体结构的双官能苯并??嗪（BPSPI-BZ和SPBC-BZ）合成路线

图16 几种含磷BZ结构式

图17 环三磷氰基苯并??嗪单体[N3P3(O-BOZ) n (OPh)6-n ]合成路线

图18 主链中含有BZ单元的聚合物

图19 苯并??嗪接枝聚(γ-谷氨基酸)大分子功能材料（B-PGA）合成路线

图20 苯并??嗪端封共聚醚酮酮[co-PEKKs（B-PEKKs）]合成路线

图21 新型芳香主链苯并??嗪共聚物低聚体（BAM）合成路线

图22 TPA-BZ树枝状大分子的合成

图23 几种生物基BZ结构图

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苯并𫫇嗪树脂研究进展

Research progress in benzoxazine resin

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