中美两国石油化工产业实力对比分析

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0226

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2018年中国原油对外依存度首超70%，炼油能力达到8.31亿吨/年，成品油产量与消费量分别为3.6亿吨/年、3.2亿吨/年，炼油技术整体达到世界先进水平，乙烯产能、产量、消费量分别达到2532.5万吨/年、1841万吨/年、2098.6万吨/年，聚乙烯产能、产量、消费量分别达1898.4万吨/年、1626万吨/年、3005.7万吨/年，已成为仅次于美国的第二大石油化工国家。美国石油化工产业无论在规模还是技术上一直引领着世界的发展，近年来得益于页岩油气革命的成功，美国原油对外依存度大幅下降，开始逐步实现能源独立，并给石油化工产业注入了新的发展活力与动力。文中提出尽管中国已成为石油化工大国，但较世界强国的美国仍有不小差距，要实现石油化工强国的“中国梦”，中国应强化原油供应，拓展进口渠道实现多元化，加大国内勘探开发力度，全方位保证能源供应安全；严控炼油能力，持续加大落后产能淘汰步伐，强化装置结构调整，扩大成品油出口，加快传统炼油技术升级及新技术创新；坚持乙烯原料的多元化和低成本化，加快石化产品结构调整，强化高端化工产品科技创新。

关键词: 石油化工, 产业, 原油, 炼油, 乙烯, 聚乙烯

Abstract:

In 2018, the dependence of crude oil on foreign markets in China exceeded 70% for the first time, and its refining capacity reached 831Mt/a, and also, its output and consumption of refined oil products in China were 360Mt/a and 320Mt/a, respectively. Meanwhile, the refining technology of China has reached the world advanced level. Moreover, in China, ethylene capacity, output and consumption reached 25.32Mt/a, 18.41Mt/a and 20.986Mt/a, respectively in 2018, and those for polyethylene achieved 19.34Mt/a, 16.26Mt/a and 30.057Mt/a, respectively. Now, China has become the world second largest after the USA of petrochemical countries. The USA petrochemical industry has been leading the world in terms of both scale and technology. In recent years, benefited from the success of the shale oil and gas revolution, the dependence of crude oil on foreign markets in USA has fallen sharply, and USA has gradually realized energy independence and the petrochemical industry has been injected new vigor and vitality. In petrochemical industry, China has become a large country, but there is still a big gap with the USA. Therefore, to realize the “China dream” of a petrochemical power, some measures must be implemented. China should strengthen the supply of crude oil, expand import channels to achieve diversification, increase domestic exploration and development efforts, and ensure comprehensive energy supply security; strictly control the refining capacity, continue to increase the elimination of backward refining capacity, strengthen the adjustment of unit structure, expand the export of refined oil products, and accelerate the upgrading of traditional oil refining technologies and the innovation of new technologies; adhere to the diversification and low cost of ethylene raw materials, accelerate the adjustment of petrochemical product structure, and strengthen the technological innovation of high-end chemical products.

Key words: petrochemical, industry, crude oil, petroleum refining, ethylene, polyethylene

中图分类号:

F416.72

宋倩倩, 慕彦君, 侯雨璇, 王春娇, 郑轶丹. 中美两国石油化工产业实力对比分析[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(5): 1607-1619.

Qianqian SONG, Yanjun MU, Yuxuan HOU, Chunjiao WANG, Yidan ZHENG. Comparative analysis of the strength of petrochemical industrybetween China and USA[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(5): 1607-1619.

参考文献

1	USA EIA. Crude oil and lease condensate production by API gravity[EB/OL]. [2019]. .
2	USA EIA. Imports by area of entry[EB/OL]. [2019]. .
3	USA EIA. Exports[EB/OL]. [2019]. .
4	BP. Statistical review of world energy 2019[EB/OL]. [2019]. .
5	刘朝全, 姜学峰. 2018年国内油气行业发展报告[M]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2019:107-115.
5	LIU C Q, JIANG X F. China oil and gas industry development report in 2018[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2019: 107-115.
6	金云, 朱和.中国炼油工业发展现状与趋势[J]. 国际石油经济, 2013, 21(5): 24-35, 110.
6	JIN Y, ZHU H. Development status and trend of refining industry in China[J]. International Petroleum Economics, 2013, 21(5): 24-35, 110.
7	王基铭.中国炼油技术新进展[M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2017: 1-361.
7	WANG J M. New progress of refining technologies in China[M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2017: 1-361.
8	宋倩倩, 李雪静, 师晓玉, 等.美国炼油业的发展动向对我国的启示[J].化工进展, 2019, 38(5): 2065-2073.
8	SONG Q Q, LI X J, SHI X Y, et al. Learning from development trend of USA refining industry for China [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2019, 38(5): 2065-2073.
9	RAJASEKARAN K, ADARME R, COOPER C, et al. Motiva unlocks value in the FCCU through an innovative catalyst solution from Rive and Grace[C]//115th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2017: AM-17-47.
10	BOB R. Turning an IMO 2020 problem into a high-profit solution[C]//117th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 2019: 18.
11	SLETTENHAAR B, WILSON K. Growing earnings in times of change: a case study in unlocking refinery-wide value through high perf [C]//117th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 2019: 10, 21.
12	OGJ. Chevron’s Salt Lake City refinery plans alkylation unit revamp[EB/OL]. [2016-10-04]. .
13	JUDZIS A, LEMOINE R, MEDINA J. From C₃ to C₅ feedstocks, alkylation units are being designed for greater flexibility to take advantage of market dynamics[C]//115th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2017.
14	SIMS S, ADEBAYO A, LOBICHENKO E, et al. Methaforming: novel process for producing high-octane gasoline from naphtha and methanol at lower CAPEX and OPEX[C]//115th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, 2017.
15	CARP S, GRIFFITHS M, BURLAK M. Advances in crude to chemicals[C]//117th AFPM Annual Meeting, San Antonio, Texas, USA, 2019: 10, 21.
16	KATIE J. How big data can drive operational excellence[C]//116th AFPM Annual Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA, 2018.
17	田源, 黄振. 智能化加速全球石油石化行业转型[J]. 中国石化, 2018(6): 18-20.
17	TIAN Y, HUANG Z. Accelerating the transformation of the global petroleum and petrochemical industry by intelligent[J]. China Petrochemical, 2018(6): 18-20.
18	Markit IHS. Data Browers[EB/OL]. [2019-01-15]. .
19	张永梅, 张囡, 张家申, 等. 乙烯生产技术及应用[J]. 当代化工, 2011, 40(8): 841-843, 846.
19	ZHANG Y M, ZHANG N, ZHANG J S, et al. Ethylene production technology and its application[J]. Contemporary Chemical Industry, 2011, 40(8): 841-843, 846.
20	张世杰, 吴秀章, 刘勇, 等. 甲醇制烯烃工艺及工业化最新进展[J]. 现代化工, 2017, 37(8): 1-6.
20	ZHANG S J, WU X Z, LIU Y, et al. Latest progress of methanol to olefin process and industrialization[J]. Modern Chemical Industry, 2017, 37(8): 1-6.
21	钱伯章. 中国石化新添一项新型聚乙烯技术[J]. 石油炼制与化工, 2016, 47(3): 76.
21	QIAN B Z. Sinopec has added a new type of polyethylene technology[J]. Petroleum Processing and Petrochemicals, 2016, 47(3): 76.
22	中国石油和化学工业联合会化工新材料专委会编写. 中国化工新材料产业发展报告（2018）[M]. 北京: 中国石化出版社, 2018.
22	Special Committee on New Chemical Materials of China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation. China new chemical materials industry development report (2018)[M]. Beijing: China Petrochemical Press, 2018.

[1]	李梦圆, 郭凡, 李群生. 聚乙烯醇生产中回收工段第三、第四精馏塔的模拟与优化[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 113-123.
[2]	贺美晋. 分子管理在炼油领域分离技术中的应用和发展趋势[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 260-266.
[3]	谈继淮, 余敏, 张彤彤, 黄能坤, 王梓雯, 朱新宝. 新型栲胶聚丙氧基醚酯的合成及增塑PVC性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4847-4855.
[4]	李志远, 黄亚继, 赵佳琪, 于梦竹, 朱志成, 程好强, 时浩, 王圣. 污泥与聚氯乙烯共热解重金属特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4947-4956.
[5]	白志华, 张军. 二乙烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸/Fenton体系氧化脱除NO[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4967-4973.
[6]	张智琛, 朱云峰, 成卫戍, 马守涛, 姜杰, 孙冰, 周子辰, 徐伟. 高压聚乙烯失控分解研究进展：反应机理、引发体系与模型[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3979-3989.
[7]	赵健, 卓泽文, 董航, 高文健. 含蜡原油及其乳状液体系微观结构观测的新方法[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4372-4384.
[8]	吴亚, 赵丹, 方荣苗, 李婧瑶, 常娜娜, 杜春保, 王文珍, 史俊. 用于复杂原油乳液的高效破乳剂开发及应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4398-4413.
[9]	孙征楠, 李洪晶, 荆国林, 张福宁, 颜飚, 刘晓燕. EVA及其改性聚合物在原油降凝剂领域的应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2987-2998.
[10]	周磊, 孙晓岩, 陶少辉, 陈玉石, 项曙光. 基于分离因数法的简捷炼油塔模型开发及应用[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(6): 2819-2827.
[11]	黄能坤, 王梓雯, 王文耕, 王学峰, 谈继淮, 朱新宝. 新型氢化二聚酸乙二醇醚酯的合成及其增塑PVC性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(5): 2638-2646.
[12]	王子宗, 刘罡, 王振维. 乙烯丙烯生产过程强化技术进展及思考[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 1669-1676.
[13]	赵佳琪, 黄亚继, 李志远, 丁雪宇, 祁帅杰, 张煜尧, 刘俊, 高嘉炜. 污泥和聚氯乙烯共热解三相产物特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(4): 2122-2129.
[14]	杨园园, 雷婷, 秦青青, 武晓, 李剑, 秦舒浩, 李嘉乐, 张兵兵, 任露露. PEO改性PVDF/SMA膜结构和性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(3): 1515-1526.
[15]	王子宗, 索寒生, 赵学良, 闫雅琨. 数字孪生智能乙烯工厂工业互联网平台的设计与构建[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(10): 5029-5036.