我国水环境中主要阻燃剂及其处理

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

综述了我国阻燃剂生产使用的现状，概述了阻燃剂大致可分为有机阻燃剂、无机阻燃剂和金属阻燃剂，介绍了阻燃剂对人体以及自然的危害，概括阻燃剂在实际中的应用以及阻燃剂带来的环境污染问题。通过联系大气环境、土壤环境以及实际情况，介绍阻燃剂在自然环境中的迁移，着重分析阻燃剂进入水环境以及阻燃剂在水环境中的转化途径，综述电子、纺织等工业生产、使用阻燃剂是阻燃剂进入水环境的重要途径；降雨使得空气中的阻燃剂溶于雨水，流入市政管网，最终排放河流进入水环境中。由于阻燃剂污染的严重危害，分析阻燃剂废水具有高总磷及高COD等特点，是一种较难处理的废水。根据现在阻燃剂废水处理的实践和研究情况，汇总一些阻燃剂废水处理方法、工艺，主要介绍吸附、萃取工艺、电解法和高级氧化工艺以及化学沉淀等废水处理工艺流程，研究各个工艺的实际处理效果。此外还将各个工艺处理效果进行对比，结合技术经济和运行的实际情况推选出较优工艺为电解、高级氧化结合化学沉淀工艺。最后对我国阻燃剂处理及其污染的控制提出了建议与展望。

关键词: 环境, 污染, 废水

Abstract:

This article summarizes the current status of flame retardant production and use in China, and summarizes flame retardants into organic flame retardants, inorganic flame retardants and metal flame retardants. Introduce the harm of flame retardant to human body and nature. Summarize the practical application of flame retardants and the environmental pollution problems caused by flame retardants. By contacting the atmospheric environment, soil environment, and actual conditions, the migration of flame retardants in the natural environment is introduced. The analysis focuses on the flame retardants entering the water environment and the transformation pathways of the flame retardants in the water environment. The use of flame retardants is an important way for flame retardants to enter the water environment; rainfall makes the flame retardants in the air dissolve in rainwater, flows into the municipal pipe network, and finally discharges rivers into the water environment. Due to the serious harm of flame retardant pollution, the analysis of flame retardant wastewater has the characteristics of high total phosphorus and high COD, which is a kind of difficult wastewater to treat. According to the current practice and research of flame retardant wastewater treatment, some flame retardant wastewater treatment methods and processes are summarized. The main introductions are adsorption, extraction processes, electrolytic methods and advanced oxidation processes, chemical precipitation other wastewater treatment processes, and actual processing effect. In addition, the treatment effects of various processes are compared, and the preferred process is selected based on the actual situation of technical economy and operation: electrolysis, advanced oxidation combined with chemical precipitation process. Finally, suggestions and prospects for flame retardant treatment and pollution control in China are put forward.

Key words: environment, pollution, waste water

中图分类号:

屈子涵, 唐玉霖, 秦晓, 靳长青. 我国水环境中主要阻燃剂及其处理[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(S1): 250-255.

Zihan QU, Yulin TANG, Xiao QIN, Changqing JIN. Main flame retardants in China’s water environment and their treatment[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(S1): 250-255.

图/表 2

参考文献 17

1	宫晓丽.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)对栉孔扇贝毒性效应与差异基因筛选的研究[D].青岛: 中国海洋大学, 2012.
	GONG Xiaoli. Toxicity effects and different gene selected in chlamys farreri in response to exposure to tetrabromobisphenol A [D]. Qingdao: Ocean University of China, 2012.
2	曾艳红, 罗孝俊, 孙毓鑫, 等. 东江下游入河排污水卤系阻燃剂质量浓度及排放通量[J]. 环境科学, 2011, 32(10): 2891-2895.
	ZENG Yanhong, LUO Xiaojun, SUN Yuxin, et al. Concentration and emission fluxes of halogenated flame retardants in sewage from sewage outlet in Dongjiang river[J]. Environmental Science, 2011, 32(10): 2891-2895.
3	李佳佳. 阻燃剂的分类及发展趋势[J]. 科技视界, 2013(16): 67.
	LI Jiajia. Classification and development trend of flame retardants[J]. Science and Technology Vision, 2013(16): 67.
4	夏斯颖. 石墨烯对含磷阻燃剂废水的吸附研究[D]. 苏州: 江苏大学, 2017.
	XIA Siying. Adsorption of phosphorus flame retardant on grapheme from wastewater [D]. Suzhou: Jiangsu University, 2017.
5	顾家骅. 阻燃剂的国内外发展概况[J]. 现代塑料加工应用, 1993(4): 21-25.
	GU Jiayu. The development of flame retardant at home and abroad [J]. Modern Plastics Processing Application, 1993(4): 21-25.
6	隋强男, 翟玮, 耿存珍, 等. 有机磷酸酯类阻燃剂在环境中的最新残留现状研究[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2015, 40(10): 31-34.
	Qiangnan SUI, ZHAI Wei, GENG Cunzhen, et al. Research on residual of organophosphate ester flame retardants in the environment [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2015, 40(10): 31-34.
7	张佳骥. 深圳市龙岗区水环境中新型溴代阻燃剂污染特征及生态风险评价研究[D]. 西安: 长安大学, 2018.
	ZHANG Jiaji. Environmental contaminant characteristics and ecological risk assessment of new typical brominated flame retardant in surface water from Longgang District, Shenzhen [D]. Xi’an: Chang’an University, 2018.
8	高小中, 许宜平, 王子健. 有机磷酸酯阻燃剂的环境暴露与迁移转化研究进展[J]. 生态毒理学报, 2015, 10(2): 56-68.
	GAO Xiaozhong, XU Yiping, WANG Zijian. Progress in environmental exposure, transport and transform of organophosphorus flame retardants [J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2015, 10(2): 56-68.
9	田爱军, 李冰, 王水, 等. 好氧生化-化学沉淀工艺处理有机磷阻燃剂废水[J]. 环境科技, 2012, 25(1): 45-48.
	TIAN Aijun, LI Bing, WANG Shui, et al. Treatment of organic-phosphoric flame retardants wastewater by aerobic biochemical-chemical precipitation process [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 2012, 25(1): 45-48.
10	周华敏, 裘建平, 张婕. 磷酸酯阻燃剂生产废水的预处理与回用实例[J]. 广东化工, 2015, 42(12): 154-155.
	ZHOU Huamin, QIU Jianping, ZHANG Jie. Application of preprocessing and reusing system for BDP production wastewater [J]. Guangdong Chemical Industry, 2015, 42(12): 154-155.
11	张慧. 阻燃剂生产废水的处理及研究[D].北京：北京理工大学, 2016.
	ZHANG Hui. Treatment and study of washing waste water produced in the process of flame retardant’s production [D]. Beijing: Beijing Institute of Technology, 2016.
12	欧云川, 程迪, 马文静, 等. 有机磷阻燃剂生产废水预处理工艺研究[J]. 化工环保, 2012, 32(1): 44-48.
	Yunchuan OU, CHENG Di, MA Wenjing, et al. Research on pre-treatment process for wastewater from organophosphorus flame retardant production [J]. Environmental Protection of Chemical Industry, 2012, 32(1): 44-48.
13	冯莹莹. 鸟粪石沉淀-微电解-Fenton-EGSB组合工艺预处理有机磷系阻燃剂废水[D].合肥: 合肥工业大学, 2017.
	FENG Yingying. Pretreatment of organic phosphorus flame retardants wastewater by combination process of struvite precipitation-micro electrolysis-Fenton-EGSB [D] .Hefei: Hefei University of Technology, 2017.
14	卜庆伟, 赵亭月, 刘健, 等. Fenton氧化预处理磷酸酯阻燃剂生产废水[J]. 水资源保护, 2016, 32(6): 90-92.
	BU Qingwei, ZHAO Tingyue, LIU Jian, et al. Pretreatment of phosphoric ester flame-retardant waste water with Fenton oxidation technique [J]. Water Resources Protection, 2016, 32(6): 90-92.
15	何锡辉, 张渝, 成琼, 等. 电解Fenton法处理阻燃剂废水的研究[J]. 工业水处理, 2005, 25(6): 30-33.
	HE Xihui, ZHANG Yu, CHENG Qiong, et al. Study on the treatment of flame retardants wastewater by electro-Fenton method [J]. Industrial Water Treatment, 2005, 25(6): 30-33.
16	何锡辉, 王睿, 彭昌荣, 等. 阻燃剂废水的处理研究[J]. 化学研究与应用, 2005, 17(6): 749-752.
	HE Xihui, WANG Rui, PENG Changrong, et al. Study on the treatment of flame retardants wastewater [J]. Chemical Research and Application, 2005, 17(6): 749-752.
17	胡金梅, 黄天寅, 虞磊, 等. 活性炭载-铁-类芬顿法优化降解阻燃剂废水[J]. 水处理技术, 2017(4): 95-99.
	HU Jinmei, HUANG Tianyin, YU Lei, et al. Optimized degradation of flame retardant wastewater by Fenton-Like reaction/Iron Loaded activated carbon [J]. Water Treatment Technology, 2017(4): 95-99.

地区	PBDES含量/pg·L^-1
龙岗区枯水期	71.94～28991.50
珠江入海口	340～68000
渤海	15400～65500
旧金山河口	3～513
图恩湖	17～78

地区	PBDES含量/pg·L^-1
龙岗区枯水期	71.94～28991.50
珠江入海口	340～68000
渤海	15400～65500
旧金山河口	3～513
图恩湖	17～78

地区	TCEP/ng·L^-1	TDCP/ng·L^-1
中国太湖	688	20
中国珠江	127.7	35.4
英国	119～316	62～149
西班牙	85±10	70±10

地区	TCEP/ng·L^-1	TDCP/ng·L^-1
中国太湖	688	20
中国珠江	127.7	35.4
英国	119～316	62～149
西班牙	85±10	70±10

[1]	王莹, 韩云平, 李琳, 李衍博, 李慧丽, 颜昌仁, 李彩侠. 城市污水厂病毒气溶胶逸散特征研究现状与未来展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 439-446.
[2]	许春树, 姚庆达, 梁永贤, 周华龙. 共价有机框架材料功能化策略及其对Hg(Ⅱ)和Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 461-478.
[3]	赵景超, 谭明. 表面活性剂对电渗析减量化工业含盐废水的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 529-535.
[4]	李宁, 李金科, 董金善. 乙烯裂解炉多孔介质燃烧器的研究与开发[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(S1): 73-83.
[5]	葛全倩, 徐迈, 梁铣, 王凤武. MOFs材料在光电催化领域应用的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4692-4705.
[6]	王晨, 白浩良, 康雪. 大功率UV-LED散热与纳米TiO₂光催化酸性红26耦合系统性能[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4905-4916.
[7]	邵志国, 任雯, 许世佩, 聂凡, 许毓, 刘龙杰, 谢水祥, 李兴春, 王庆吉, 谢加才. 终温对油基钻屑热解产物分布和特性影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4929-4938.
[8]	王琦, 寇丽红, 王冠宇, 王吉坤, 刘敏, 李兰廷, 王昊. 焦化废水生物出水中可溶解性有机物的分子识别[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 4984-4993.
[9]	史天茜, 石永辉, 武新颖, 张益豪, 秦哲, 赵春霞, 路达. Fe²⁺对厌氧氨氧化EGSB反应器运行性能的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(9): 5003-5010.
[10]	徐杰, 夏隆博, 罗平, 邹栋, 仲兆祥. 面向膜蒸馏过程的全疏膜制备及其应用进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 3943-3955.
[11]	高聪, 陈城虎, 陈修来, 刘立明. 代谢工程改造微生物合成生物基单体的进展与挑战[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4123-4135.
[12]	杨静, 李博, 李文军, 刘晓娜, 汤刘元, 刘月, 钱天伟. 焦化污染场地中萘降解菌的分离及降解特性[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4351-4361.
[13]	姜晶, 陈霄宇, 张瑞妍, 盛光遥. 载锰生物炭制备及其在环境修复中应用研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4385-4397.
[14]	郑梦启, 王成业, 汪炎, 王伟, 袁守军, 胡真虎, 何春华, 王杰, 梅红. 菌藻共生技术在工业废水零排放中的应用与展望[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(8): 4424-4431.
[15]	陈娜, 张肖静, 张楠, 马冰冰, 张涵, 杨浩洁, 张宏忠. 淬灭酶对亚硝化-混合自养脱氮系统的影响[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(7): 3816-3823.