内旋式移动床煤热解新工艺开发及试验

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-1633

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用2t/d外热内旋式移动床热解试验装置，通过控制反应器物料热解区及粉尘沉降气室区的温度，研究了内旋式移动床工艺温度分布对13mm以下神木煤热解产物产率及性质的影响规律。结果表明：物料热解温度控制为650℃和700℃时，煤料均实现了较好热解，半焦挥发分V_daf降低至10.36%～11.95%；相同物料热解温度，提高粉尘沉降气室温度后，辐射传热作用增强，半焦和焦油产率降低，煤气产率升高；在物料热解温度700℃，粉尘沉降气室温度500℃时，焦油收率Tar_d最高，为7.44%；物料热解温度为650℃，焦油模拟蒸馏360℃以下馏分含量为63.3%～72.0%，物料热解温度700℃时为67.5%～72.2%；相同物料热解温度，提高粉尘沉降气室温度后，焦油中轻油组分减少，洗油和沥青质含量增加，煤气中氢气含量增加；粉尘沉降气室温度达到550℃时，挥发物二次反应作用明显强于450℃和500℃；各工艺条件下，焦油中喹啉不溶物含量均低于1%，最低为0.51%。

关键词: 内旋式, 移动床, 温度场, 产物品质, 低阶煤热解

Abstract:

By controlling the temperatures of material pyrolysis and dust settling zones, 2t/d testing device with an inner-rotary moving bed pyrolysis reactor was used to research the influence of reactor temperature distribution on the yield and quality of pyrolysis product of Shenmu coal(size 0—13mm) to summary the mechanism of the inner-rotary moving bed pyrolysis technology. The results showed that the volatile(V_daf) of semicokes reduced to a suitable level of 10.36%—11.95% at pyrolysis temperature 650℃ and 700℃. The increase of dust settling zone temperature decreased the yield of semicokes and coal tar while enhanced the yield of coal gas under the same pyrolysis zone temperature for the radiation heat transfer effect. The highest coal tar yield(Tar_d) was 7.44% at pyrolysis zone temperature of 700℃ and dust settling zone temperature of 500℃. The contents of light fraction (boiling point＜360℃) in coal tar were 63.3%—72.0% and 67.5%—72.2% at pyrolysis zone temperature 650℃ and 700℃, respectively. Moreover, the study revealed that the increase of dust settling zone temperature would decrease the light oil content and increase the washing oil, asphaltine and hydrogen content in gas at a same pyrolysis zone temperature. The secondary reaction of volatiles were remarkably enhanced when the dust settling zone temperature was 550℃ than 450℃ and 500℃. In addition, the dust contents(QI content) of coal tar obtained under all the conditions were less than 1% with the lowest 0.51%, which were very helpful for the downstream processes.

Key words: inner-rotary, moving bed, temperature field, quality of product, pyrolysis of low rank coal

中图分类号:

TQ530.2

白效言,曲思建,张飏,王岩,裴贤丰. 内旋式移动床煤热解新工艺开发及试验[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(3): 984-991.

Xiaoyan BAI,Sijian QU,Yang ZHANG,Yan WANG,Xianfeng PEI. Research of new inner-rotary moving bed technology for low rank coal pyrolysis[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(3): 984-991.

图/表 15

表1 试验用煤基本性质

项目	工业分析/%			元素分析/%					格金低温干馏/%
项目	水分M_ad	灰分A_d	挥发分V_daf	碳C_d	氢H_d	氮N_d	硫S_t,d	氧O_d^*	半焦CR_ad	焦油Tar_ad	水Water_ad
结果	5.00	6.04	37.04	76.55	4.42	0.99	0.23	11.77	71.3	8.6	11.5

图1 试验用煤的粒径分布

图2 内旋式移动床热解工艺原理

图3 内旋式移动床热解工艺流程图1—煤仓及给料器；2—螺旋干燥器；3—回转阀；4—热解反应器；5—供热燃烧机；6—间冷熄焦器；7—高温金属过滤器；8—煤气间冷器；9—油水分离器；10—流量计；11—煤气焚烧炉

图4 内旋式移动床热解装置实物图

图5 中试装置热解反应器温度监测点

图6 各控制条件下温度场分布情况

图7 不同工艺条件下的热解产物产率

表2 不同工艺条件下半焦基本性质分析

沉降气室区温度/热解区温度/℃	工业分析/%			元素分析/%
沉降气室区温度/热解区温度/℃	M_ad	A_d	V_daf	C_d	H_d	N_d	S_d	O_d
450/650	0.21	8.25	11.95	83.18	2.99	1.21	0.19	4.18
500/650	0.05	8.63	11.83	83.55	2.38	1.30	0.19	3.95
550/650	0.33	8.30	11.52	83.87	2.76	1.28	0.20	3.59
450/700	0.15	8.76	10.85	83.65	2.65	1.23	0.19	3.52
500/700	0.50	8.38	10.62	84.08	2.69	1.15	0.21	3.49
550/700	0.28	8.35	10.36	84.13	2.46	1.12	0.19	3.75

图8 不同工艺条件热解煤气的组成

图9 热解过程的传热传质与二次反应

图10 650℃热解焦油模拟蒸馏

图11 700℃热解焦油模拟蒸馏

图12 热解焦油馏分组成

表3 焦油中喹啉不溶物的含量

沉降气室区温度/热解区温度/℃	喹啉不溶物含量/%
450/650	0.51
500/650	0.73
550/650	0.68
450/700	0.79
500/700	0.74
550/750	0.86

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