核用富集硼-10碳化硼的制备

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2017-0931

摘要/Abstract

摘要： ¹⁰B的热中子吸收截面大，因此富集硼-10碳化硼除具有良好的力学性能，优良的抗氧化、耐腐蚀性能外，还因具备更优越的热中子吸收特性，在核工业中有重要的应用。与天然丰度碳化硼的制备工艺不同，富集硼-10碳化硼的制备要以硼同位素分离后得到的富集硼-10三氟化硼为起始原料。本文归纳总结了由三氟化硼制备中间物质（硼酸、氧化硼、硼粉），再通过碳热还原法、镁热还原法、直接合成法、有机溶胶-凝胶法制备碳化硼的多条路线。通过对以上路线的分析比较，进一步提出了以硼酸三甲酯、三烷基硼、硼烷作为中间物质，直接裂解制备碳化硼的3条新路线。基于国内外研究现状，判断了这3条路线的可行性，总结分析了其各自的优缺点，初步探究了由富集硼-10三氟化硼到富集硼-10碳化硼高效、经济的制备方法。

关键词: 富集硼-10碳化硼, 富集硼-10三氟化硼, 硼酸三甲酯, 三烷基硼, 硼烷

Abstract: Boron-10 has a large thermal neutron absorption cross-section. Therefore,boron-10 carbide (¹⁰B₄C) has some important applications in nuclear industry because of its good mechanical properties, excellent oxidation,corrosion resistances and more superior thermal neutron absorption characteristics. Unlike the natural abundance boron carbide (B₄C), the preparation of ¹⁰B₄C takes the boron-10trifluoride (¹⁰BF₃) obtained by boron isotope separation as the starting material. This paper summarizes a number of process routes for preparation of intermediate material (boric acid, boron oxide, boron powders)from boron trifluoride and the preparation of boron carbide through the carbothermic reduction, organic sol-gel, magnesiothermic reduction and direct synthesis. By analyzing the characteristics of the routes mentioned above,it is suggested that three routes of boron carbide prepared by direct cracking of trimethyl borate, trialkyl boron and borane. Last, the paper analyzes and compares the characteristics and research progress of these three direct pyrolysis routes, discusses the efficient and economical preparation routes of boron-10 carbide.

Key words: boric-10 carbide, boron-10trifluoride, trimethyl borate, trialkyl boron, borane

中图分类号:

TQ128

赵晶, 周文辉, 刘念, 胡石林. 核用富集硼-10碳化硼的制备[J]. 化工进展, 2017, 36(S1): 319-325.

ZHAO Jing, ZHOU Wenhui, LIU Nian, HU Shilin. Preparation of ¹⁰B-enriched boron carbide applied in nuclear industry[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(S1): 319-325.

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