Ethylene technologies including steam pyrolysis,naphtha catalytic cracking,heavy oil catalytic cracking,direct crude-to-ethylene,coal(methanol) to olefin,biomass ethanol dehydration to ethylene,syngas-to-ethylene and methane to ethylene are reviewed. The development status and characteristics of each process are described and the development trend of ethylene industry in China is analyzed in many ways including cost,investment,raw material and product. It is concluded that the naphtha-base ethylene will occupy the dominant position for a long time in China and have greater optimization space in the raw material cost,diversification and integration. With low oil price, CTO/MTO and other non-oil routes will be suppressed,but with CTO/MTO project under construction coming on stream and technological progress,the proportion of CTO/MTO capacity accounting for the total ethylene capacity will increase. MTO is decided by the stable inexpensive methanol source. Ethane-base ethylene is decided by ethane supplies and the price in China. R & D investment of methane to ethylene and syngas to ethylene should be enhanced,striving for breakthroughs in core technologies such as catalysts and for solving engineering problems.

Supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion has become a new research direction in the field of green chemistry in recent years. It combines the advantages of supercritical fluid and microemulsion. Owing to its stable thermal properties,tunable physical and chemical properties as well as the designable structures,supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion has a wide application prospects in chemical reaction,material preparation,extraction,separation and other fields. In order to understand the mechanism of thermodynamic properties, phase behavior and the interactions among the components of this complex system,this article summaries the applications of molecular simulation technology in the field of supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion as well as binary systems of ionic liquids/H₂O and ionic liquids/CO₂. A systematic review including force field, ensemble choices, parallel computing,self-assembly mechanism and other aspects were given herein. Finally, a new direction on supercritical carbon dioxide domaining ionic liquids microemulsion and the advantages of molecular dynamics simulation in dealing with supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion system were proposed.

Model predictive control belongs to control science. Its generation and development have inevitability from the philosophical perspective of "past-present-future". The performance index is the core of optimizing the solution of model predictive control,and its structure specifies the function of predictive control system. As the demand of system optimization,the conventional performance index of model predictive control consists of controlled variable tracker and manipulated variable energy consumption,but it is still not comprehensive. From the perspective of Marxist materialist dialectics, a function,which indicated the distance between the operating variables and the constraint boundary to avoid the adverse effects caused by the constraints due to the connection between model predictive control and the outside world,was put forward by using the universal connection law. From the global and local perspectives,the character of multivariable control and interval control in model predictive control was illustrated,which can provide premise for the improvement of the structure of model predictive control. From the perspective of absolute and relative theory,the improved results of the structure of performance index were further discussed. Furthermore,Marxist epistemology combined the improvement scheme of performance index in model predictive control with the concept of margin in the chemical engineering process. Then,a new framework of model predictive control was proposed,which took margin loss function into consideration. Finally,as combination of the theory with practice,the effect of the new architecture of model predictive control was verified by a control simulation example.

Two-phase closed thermosyphon(TPCT) contains two phase flow and phase change process. The traditional theory analysis and experimental study cannot intuitively give concretize process including two phase flow,heat and mass transfer and evaporation-condensation phase transformation. This paper introduced common TPCT heat transfer model,generalized theoretical research on heat transfer and fluid flow in condensation section,insulation section and evaporation section,and summarized the actuality of visual research on its internal procedure by experimental and numerical computation method. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) makes it possible to do numerical visualization research on TPCT with actual interior situation of TPCT guaranteed. Besides,the paper presented domestic and foreign CFD research findings and simulation level and pointed out the domestic research on TPCT using CFD method lagged behind relatively. Meanwhile,the heat transfer enhancement method of TPCT was summarized systematically,especially the efficient fluid medium with the fouling problem solved in the course of heat transfer enhancement. The research status and focus on the heat transfer enhancement of nanofluid and self-wetting fluid were introduced emphatically. Lastly,CFD method was suggested to do numerical visualization analysis on concrete details of TPCT internal flow course,evaporation and condensation,and heat and mass transfer. The combining of experimental result,theoretical calculation and numerical research pioneered a new way to go deep into TPCT interior mechanism.

Due to the growing demand and as an important strategic resource, lithium and its compounds play an important role in various fields. Traditional methods of extracting lithium from ore consumed a large amount of energy and the process was complicated. Therefore,it is of great significance to extract lithium from liquid lithium resources,such as brines and seawater. Active exploration of lithium extraction methods has been conducted by researchers,and the lithium ion sieve with its green and efficient advantages draws attention of scholars. It has become one of the most potential methods of extracting lithium from liquid lithium resources. In this paper,lithium ion-sieves were classified;the adsorption mechanism, preparation methods,and adsorption properties of manganese-based,titanium-based and doped lithium ion-sieves were summarized. Their advantages and disadvantages were compared and analyzed. The problems existed in lithium ion-sieves at present was pointed out. Finally,the improvement and prospect were suggested.

1,3-propandiol(PDO) and water concentration in fermentation broth are usually in the range of 7%-10% and 82%-85%. In the downstream processing of PDO recovery,dehydration by evaporation is the most energy intensive with the most PDO loss. In this work,the dehydration process of filtered fermentation broth by evaporation was simulated with Aspen Plus software. The effect of operation pressure on the water content in the concentrate and POD recovery yield was investigated, and the efficiency of multi-effect evaporation process in cocurrent,cross and countercurrent flow operations was compared. It was found that POD loss increased with the decrease of the required water content in the concentrate and increase of operation pressure. When the operation pressures were 5kPa, 100kPa and 150kPa,to obtain 30% of water content in the concentrate,the PDO loss was simulated to be 4.63%,20.04% and 24.78%,respectively. However,PDO loss increased to 23.68%,76.62% and 84.95%,respectively,when the required water content decreased to 12.5%. The concurrent flow multi-effect evaporation achieved the highest PDO recovery,reaching 97.73% at 30% of water content in the concentrate with steam consumption of 0.354 ton to evaporate 1 ton water.

Turbo air classifier was an ultra-fine grading equipment broadly applying in ultrafine classifying industry. However,the leakage phenomenon of coarse powder about classifier with traditional labyrinth seal was not eliminated. In this paper,impacts of end face sealing gap and gas sealing pressure change to different material classification effects were investigated,and the relative classification precision to evaluate the quality of classifying was used. Gas sealing fluid field was simulated by Ansys Workbench 15.0. The distribution of the gas sealing fluid field was presented by its velocity field and pressure field. Numerical simulation and experimental results showed that the relative classification precision decreased along with the increase of end face sealing gap. Optimum relative classification precision was obtained. Classifier could be normal operated under the condition of 3mm of end face sealing gap. The relative classification precision first increased then decreased along with the increase of gas sealing pressure under the condition of 3mm of end face sealing gap with gas seal. When gas sealing pressure was 0.15MPa,the relative classification precision of fly ash and slag was the highest. The failure of gas sealing pressure was 0.05MPa. The performance of classifier and classification effect was better under the condition of the same end face sealing gap and used gas seal. The relative classification precision of fly ash and slag increased from 0.202,0.187 to 0.458 and 0.408.

It is of great theoretical importance to study on liquid dispersion in structured packed columns in the design of liquid distributing devices,the height of the packed beds and the optimum choice of packing types. However,the theoretical description and mathematical model about liquid dispersion are limited. In order to predict liquid spreading in packed column accurately,the liquid dispersion mechanism was introduced. The porous media model was used to simplify the complex structured packing geometry to a homogeneous porous material and a 2D axisymmetric CFD model considering mechanical dispersion force,inter-phase drag force and porous resistance force was presented. The numerical simulations were in good agreement with the experimental results. Then,the effects of liquid spreading factor S,gas inlet velocity and liquid inlet velocity on liquid flow distribution were analyzed. Mechanical dispersion played a key role in liquid dispersion and capillary dispersion can be neglected. Liquid spreading factor and liquid inlet velocity were crucial to liquid distribution in packed columns and the best radio S/D_r was 2. However,gas inlet velocity will not impact liquid distribution in packed column. This study demonstrated its great importance in the numerical simulations in structured packed columns filled with other packing types.

Although wet compression could decrease the compressor discharge temperature,it has effects on performance of compressor,which should be focused. The volumetric efficiency of R32 variable frequency rotary compressor with same frequency and different pressure ratios,then with same pressure ratio and different frequencies,varying with different compressor suction status is analyzed in this paper. According the conclusion and experimental data,the semi-empirical model was presented. Results showed that when the refrigerant status of compressor suction was superheated,the superheated temperature has less effect on the volumetric efficiency. When the status was at two phase,the volumetric efficiency decreased linearly with the suction vapor quality. The slopes at each frequency and pressure ratio were the same. The tendencies of the coefficient of performance varying with compressor suction state under experimental conditions were the same as that of the volumetric efficiency. In addition,by comparing theoretical value through the model with the experimental data,the maximum relative error is 1.51%,and the minimum is 0.03%,which demonstrates the precision of the model. The noteworthy phenomenon is that the performance of compressor is worsen when operating at lower frequency and suction vapor quality,which means the model is suitable for the operating condition with the frequency higher than the rated frequency and the suction vapor quality greater than 0.90.

In an annular upflow passage,an experimental study was conducted on the characteristics of particulate fouling under subcooled flow boiling with the nano-magnesia particulate suspension as working medium. The effects of mass and heat flux,concentration and inlet temperature of the suspension on fouling characteristics were investigated by changing operating conditions. The fouling characteristics were analyzed based on the Chilton-Colburn analogy. The results showed that due to the high wall temperature,fouling process developed rapidly under subcooled flow boiling. The increased particulate concentration would increase the concentration difference between the fluid and the wall, and the asymptotic value of fouling resistance and the fouling rate increased as the concentration increased significantly. The asymptotic value of fouling resistance increased because of the mass transfer enhancement resulted from the increase of the heat flux. The wall shear force increased with the increase of mass flux,thus leading to the slight drop in the asymptotic value of fouling resistance. As the rise of the inlet temperature enhanced the removal effect of bubble,there would be obvious decline in the asymptotic value of fouling resistance and the fouling rate.

The gas-inducing reactors have been widely used in the hydrogenation technology of dinitrotoluene and other multiphase reactions. The flow fluid inside the reactors is very complex. Relying on the experiment is difficult to obtain comprehensive and accurate results. The object of this study was gas-inducing hydrogenation reactor. Computational fluid dynamics(CFD) Fluent was used to establish the three-dimensional reactor model. Eulerian two-fluid method was applied to study gas-liquid flow field in hollow paddle and double-disk impeller gas-inducing reactors. CFD was also used to visualize detailed flow phenomena. The characteristics of gas induction in hollow paddle gas-inducing reactor were contrasted with the experimental dates to verify the CFD model. Contours of local air volume fraction and vector plots of velocity of the reactors were obtained and contrasted. The results showed that the simulation results were in good agreement with the experimental dates. For reactor with single paddle,the gas-liquid dispersion performances and gas induction in hollow paddle gas-inducing reactor were better than those in double-disk impeller gas-inducing reactor with same pitch diameter.

Dimethyl carbonate(DMC) is a new kind of industrial product,which has extensively applied in different aspects. Special distillation is required to separate the mixture of DMC and methanol since methanol usually exists in the DMC product. Three special distillation configurations including extractive distillation,azeotropic distillation and pressure swing distillation were proposed to separate the DMC-MeOH azeotrope system. The steady-state simulations of the three processes were established by Aspen Plus,and the optimum parameters of the three processes with minimum energy requirement have been obtained using sensitive analyses. The simulation results showed that energy requirement of extractive distillation accounts for 29.0% of the pressure swing distillation and 30.2% of the azeotropic distillation respectively,which shows a good energy-saving potential. Control of extractive distillation process with minimum energy consumption was investigated using the Aspen Dynamics,and two control structures were proposed. The control structure with fixed reboiler duty/feed rate ratio was proposed based on the basic control structure,and the dynamic simulation results revealed that this control structure can handle feed flow rate and composition disturbances quite effectively.

Chitin biomass,a renewable and richly output resource,is the second most abundant natural polysaccharide after cellulose on the earth. The conversion of chitin biomass into liquid fuels and value-added chemicals can play a significant role in global energy crisis and environmental pollution. In this paper,recent achievements in converting chitin biomass into high-value chemicals, such as N-containing chemicals,Furan derivatives and organic acids,are summarized in terms of different catalytic systems using chitin,chitosan,glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine as raw materials. Reaction pathways and transformation methods are especially discussed. New approaches on transformation of chitin biomass into high value-added chemicals are also proposed in this paper. The review would promote the development of industrial technologies in degradation of chitin biomass and preparation of high-value chemicals. It will also provide an insight on the sustainable future in terms of the renewable resource.

The high added-value of straws renewable resources' utilization was a hot research topic in the world. Choosing and developing an economic,effective,safe and environmentally friendly straw pretreatment technique under atmospheric pressure was the key problem that needs to be addressed. Based on the straw's structure features and pretreatment mechanism,researches on pretreatment techniques of straw were reviewed in this paper. The physical,chemical and biological pretreatment methods were introduced in this paper concerning the electron beam irradiation,microwave, plasma,oxidation,acid catalytic organic solvents,acid/alkali,SO₃ micro-thermal explosion, microbial and its enzymatic pretreatment technology. Considering the problems of economy, environmental protection as well as scale development and application,an atmospheric pressure and none high temperature process,SO₃ micro-thermal explosion was proposed. This process presents great potential values in the utilization of straw resource.

The effect of photonic-crystals (PC) periodicity on the photoelectric performance of dye-sensitized solar cells was studied. The anodes of solar cells was the N719 dye-sensitized nanocrystalline TiO₂ film which was coupled with one layer of SiO₂ Opal PC with different periodicity. The periodicity of SiO₂ PC was controlled by the concentration of silica suspension in vertical deposition. It was shown that the Short circuit current density(I_SC) and the energy conversion efficiency(Eff) of the DSSC increased with the SiO₂ PCs periodicity. When the SiO₂ Opal increased to 20 layers,compared with reference film,I_SC and Eff increased by 91% and 164%,respectively. The results of IPCE analysis indicated that the improved performance of DSSCs was mainly attributed to the enhanced light-harvest of the N719 dye near 530nm by the light reflection at photonic band gap and photon localization of SiO₂ Opal. The Photonic crystal can effectively improve the light-harvest at the photonic band gap. The more the periodicity of the PC is,the stronger the effect of its photon localization is.

Based on the pinch method,the hydrogen network is integrated with the concentration of fresh hydrogen considered. Aspen Plus software is used to simulate the hydrogen production process of nature gas steam reforming producing fresh hydrogen with different concentrations. The simulation results are used to conduct the energy consumption analysis,and calculate the total cost including the raw material gas,oxygen water,cooling water,by-product of steam,pressure swing adsorption, compressor electric costs. The production cost increases as the fresh hydrogen concentration increases, and the quantitative relationship between them is determined. In the case study,the hydrogen network of a petrochemical enterprise is optimized using that relationship. Considering different hydrogen source conditions,the conserved cost versus concentration and total cost versus concentration diagrams are plotted,and the trend of hydrogen pinch is depicted. With the requirement of the hydrogen network satisfied,the conserved cost increases as the fresh hydrogen concentration increases,while the total cost decreases. It is concluded that the fresh hydrogen with high purity can benefit the energy saving in the hydrogen network design.

The characteristics of chlorine emission and CaO dechlorination during rice straw briquette gasification were investigated in a bubbling fluidized bed. Firstly,the effects of temperature and the fuel-air equivalence ratio(ER) on chlorine emission during biomass gasification were studied. Experimental results showed that the chlorine release rate increased with increasing temperature and ER. Further experiments were performed to evaluate the effects of Ca/Cl molar ratio,temperature, ER and CaO particle size on dechlorination efficiency. The dechlorination efficiency of CaO increased with the increasing of Ca/Cl molar ratio,and the efficiency stabilized at Ca/Cl molar ratio of 4.73. CaO dechlorination efficiency increased at first and then decreased with the increasing of temperature,and it reached the peak value at 923K. CaO dechlorination efficiency gradually increased with the increasing of ER,but the change was not significant when ER is more than 0.16. A slight rising of CaO dechlorination efficiency emerged when the CaO particle size decreased.

In this work,the two typical Chinese low rank coals,Shengli lignite and Zhaotong lignite were demineralized by H₂O,HCl/CH₃COONH₄,CH₃COONH₄/HCl/HF solution step by step. The elemental composition and surface structures were tested using XRF,XRD and SEM,respectively. The combustion characteristics and the kinetics of the reaction process of raw lignite and treated lignite were investigated by thermogravimetry(TG). The results showed that the coal ash mainly consisted of silicon,aluminium,ferrum,sulphur and the alkali/alkaline earth metal sodium(AAEMs). There are mainly six types of minerals existing in two lignite,including quartz,kaolinite,muscovite,gypsum, calcite and pyrite. The three removal rates of minerals of Shengli and Zhaotong lignite were as follows:1.22%,32.49%,97.90% and 0.47%,26.41% and 94.79%,respectively. The combustion comprehensive index(S) followed in the order:row lignite < removed by HCl/CH₃COONH₄ washing < removed by water washing < removed by CH₃COONH₄/HCl/HF washing. Shengli and Zhaotong lignite had the same variation trend. S of treated lignite was significantly improved by third grade demineralization. AAEMs bound in oxygen-containing or nitrogen-containing functional groups and acid exchange carboxylate can promote the coal combustion characteristics to a certain extent. Water soluble mineral matter inhibited the combustion of coal. Lignite combustion reaction zone meet the first order reaction from the ignition temperature to the burn out temperature,and the value of the linear correlation coefficient _R was more than 0.985.

The increasing demand of isobutene makes isobutane oxydehydrogenation an active research area recently. The existing issues of commercialized Pt- and CrO_x-based catalysts are now making the development of oxydehydrogenation catalysts a hot topic. The market prospective of isobutene was introduced,and the current developing status of isobutane dehydrogenation to isobutene was summarized. The types, active species and research direction of catalysts for isobutane oxydehydrogenation to isobutene(including MoO_x-,VO_x-,In₂O₃-,Ni-based oxides catalysts and single-atom catalysts) which is largely reported in literature were overviewed and analyzed. We found that the methods for preparing metallic oxide catalyst were easy,but the isobutene yields,stability and some other aspects still need to be improved. By contrast,single-atom catalysts(SAC) which only contain one active metal atom,decrease the metal loading,and maximize the efficiency of metal utilization,so they have a broad research prospect. The preparation methods and practicability are the main focus of SAC in the future.

MIL-101 is a typical metal-organic frameworks. MIL-101,like the other metal-organic frameworks(MOFs) is a material with high porosity,large surface area,adjustable micro-pore size, and easy functional structure. Contrary to the most MOFs,MIL-101 has a high hydrothermal stability. All of the characteristics collectively make MIL-101 a good candidate for a catalyst support. In this paper,the synthesis methods of MIL-101 materials have been reviewed with a discussion on the influencing factors. We also summarize the recent advances related to the application of the MIL-101 materials modified by supporting catalytic active components,synthesis in-situ and post-modification in catalysis. For the hydrothermal synthesis method,there are considerable challenges including complex process,low product yield and large amount of organic liquid wastes. The dry gel conversion synthesis method has the advantages of high product yield and high product purity over the hydrothermal synthesis method and has potential in industrial implementation. The drawbacks of MIL-101 are that it has a weak acidity and only one single chemical active site. The development trend of MIL-101 materials in the catalytic applications is in the improvement of catalytic performance by increasing acidity and grafting organic ligands with catalytic function to MIL-101.

Recently,the electrooxidation of urea-rich industrial wastewater and sanitary sewage has been widely studied owing to its convenient operation,stable running and high efficiency. In the process of urea electrooxidation,the catalyst is crucial to decides the feasibility and efficiency of the process. Among the multitudinous catalysts,the non-noble metal nickel-based catalysts have gained much attention due to its high electrocatalytic activity,low cost and ample sources. In this review,the research of Ni-based catalysts has been introduced based on the mechanism of urea electrooxidation on Ni-based catalysts in alkaline medium in the past twenty years. Furthermore,the development of Ni-based metal catalysts,Ni-based hydroxide catalysts,Ni-based oxide catalysts and supported catalysts has been concluded on the basis of our research. The problems of urea elextrooxidation catalysts,such as low current density and high electrooxidation potential are also pointed out. And the changing of the morphology and component of catalysts will be the developmental trends of the Ni-based catalysts for urea electrooxidation in the future.

Manganese-based catalysts are widely used in NH₃-SCR reduction owing to their excellent catalytic performance at low temperature. However,H₂O and SO₂ will cause server catalyst deactivation, thus it is necessary to develop the catalysts resistant to H₂O and SO₂. This study mainly summarizes the deactivation mechanism of H₂O and SO₂,and reviews some compound catalysts such as Mn-Fe,Mn-Ce, Mn-Sm,Mn-Sn,and supported catalysts with both conventional carrier like TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ and metal modifying carrier like Fe-Ti and Ce-Zr. The catalysts with special construction for instance MnO₂@NiCo₂O₄ core-shell structure and Mn_xCo_3-xO₄ regular nanocage-shape structure are also discussed. The superiority and inferiority of each kind catalyst are introduced and the possible research directions in future are proposed as to optimize the preparation method of the metal doped catalyst or add new effective additives to reduce the working temperature of the supported catalyst while ensure high resistance to H₂O and SO₂,and to explore the large-scale preparation method for special structured catalysts.

Catalytic ozonation processes exhibit very good application potential in the treatment of recalcitrant organic pollutants. Catalysts play a key role in catalytic ozonation and thus have been investigated extensively. This paper describes the basic principles of both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic ozonation and then summarizes the preparation methods and properties of the catalysts. The main active compositions of ozonation catalysts involves the oxides of transitional metals such as Mn, Fe, Co, etc. The carrier of ozonation catalysts mainly involves porous Al₂O₃, molecular sieve and active carbon. Compared with metal oxide catalysts,supported catalysts and carbonaceous catalysts process higher efficiency. The performance test of ozonation catalysts are mainly based on simple model pollution substance. Highly efficient and stable catalysts towards real industrial wastewater treatment and their combination with advanced reactors which has high efficient ozone mass transfer will be the future development trends.

TiO₂-SnO₂ solid solution was prepared by a co-precipitation method and V₂O₅-(x%)WO₃/TiO₂-SnO₂ catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method. The physicochemical properties were investigated by BET specific surface area,X-ray diffraction(XRD),in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (in situ DRIFTS), NH₃ temperature-programmed desorption (NH₃-TPD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy(HRTEM). Their catalytic performance for the selective catalytic reduction of NO_x was also tested. The results indicate that the catalyst with 12% WO₃ exhibits 95% NO conversion within the wide temperature range of 250~400℃. The characterization results show that the specific surface area decreases with the load of WO₃ which is in a well-dispersed state. The strength of Brønsted acid sites are intensified after adding WO₃ which could account for the best catalytic performance of the catalyst V₂O₅-12%WO₃/TiO₂-SnO₂.

In this paper,we introduce recent progress of the preparation of high temperature proton exchange membranes using ionic liquids as proton transport medium and their applications as membrane electrolytes for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Applications of N-heterocyclic compound based ionic liquids in high temperature proton exchange membranes is mainly divided into three directions:physical impregnation into membrane,polymer modification,and immobilization inside the membrane using organic-inorganic composites. Despite the high proton conductivity of membranes fabricated by physical impregnation of ionic liquids into ionomeric membranes,the loss of ionic liquids with the generated water by electrode reaction and the resulting decrease in cell performance limits their practical applications. For membranes formed from ionic liquid moieties modified polymers,the ionic liquid moieties can be immobilized inside the membrane,but the rather complicated synthetic process and the low flexibility of ionic liquid moieties are the major disadvantages. Composite membranes based on ionic liquid modified inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles doped membranes suffer from the difficulty in the formation of continuous proton transport and the low mobility of ionic liquid moieties. Based on the introduction and review of the recent progress of proton exchange membranes based on ionic liquids,we believe that development of high temperature proton exchange membranes using organic-inorganic composites should be the major research direction to improve the mobility of ionic liquid moieties,which improves accordingly the proton conductivity.

As support materials of anode catalyst in direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC),metal compounds have attracted more and more attentions due to their higher corrosion resistance in strong oxidizing environment compared with carbon materials. This review focuses on the improved performance of anode catalysts with metal oxides,metal carbides and metal nitrides as support. In general,the stability of Pt-based anode catalyst is significantly improved by using metal compound supports,whose morphology and composition have significant impacts on the particle size,dispersion, utilization and catalytic activity of active components,especially,on the change of electronic structure and energy density distribution of active components as a result of the interaction between metal compound supports and active components,which directly determines the catalytic performance of Pt-based catalyst for methanol oxidation. Based on this review, the architecture and function design of metal compounds is an important research direction in the future.

Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles possess good biocompatibility,large specific surface area, low toxicity,and high saturation magnetization,etc,so they are widely used in biomedical applications. The preparation methods of Fe₃O₄,including co-precipitation method,microemulsion method,high temperature heat decomposition method,hydrothermal method,sol-gel method and biosynthesis,are introduced in this paper and the advantages and disadvantages of co-precipitation method,hydrothermal method and high temperature heat decomposition method are also compared. The functionalization of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles are reviewed, including small organic molecules,organic polymers,and inorganic nanomaterials. The application and research of Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles in biomedical fields are reviewed,including magnetic resonance imaging, drug delivery systems,protein and nucleic acid isolation,blood purification and tumor hyperthermia. Finally,some problems and perspectives in these research areas are outlined.

Developing hydrophilic PVDF-based membranes and their new preparation methods is helpful for the large scale use of PVDF in membrane separation. In this paper,PBS was blended with PVDF to improve its hydrophility. PVDF/PBS blend fabric membranes were prepared via electrospinning,and their microstructures-hydrophility-oil/water separation property relationship was studied. The results showed that the average diameter and porosity of the fibers were decreased with an increase of the content of PBS component. Due to relatively good miscibility,the PVDF component hindered the crystallization of the PBS component,while the formation of β-phase crystal of the PVDF component was hindered by the PBS component to some extent. The presence of PBS component improved the hydrophility of the fabric membranes,so water could easily go through the fabric membranes,whereas the oil could not,and thus the oil and water could be separated. At the PBS content of 30%,the best separation efficiency was obtained,which could be mainly ascribed to the good hydrophility of the 70/30 PVDF/PBS blend fabric membranes as well as the small diameter of the fibers which decreased the pore size of the fabric membranes,and helped to improve the separation efficiency.

Mesophase pitch based fibres(MPF) are prepared by melt spinning method from AR-mesophase pitch. After oxidation and carbonization,mesophase pitch based carbon fibres(MPCF) are obtained. The effects of spinning speed on the diameter,microstructure,surface micro-morphology and mechanical properties of carbon fibres are investigated by means of optical microscope,scanning electron microscope(SEM) and fibre strength tester,respectively. The results show that the average diameter of MPF decreases and its spinnability decline gradually with the increase of spinning speed. When the spinning speed is higher than 330m/min,the lengthwise texture flaws appear on the surface of MPCF and the internal microstructure becomes more disordered. Moreover,the tensile strength of MPCF with 11μm in diameter reaches the maximum of 1786MPa at spinning speed of 330m/min.

The calcium carbonate hollow microspheres with vaterite and calcite polymorph were synthesized by the complex decomposition method of aqueous solutions Na₂CO₃ and CaCl₂ in the presence of poly(acrylic acid)(PAA) and sodium dodecyl sulfonate(SDS). The morphology,structure and polymorph of the products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),and the formation mechanism of calcium carbonate hollow microspheres was discussed in detail through the study of the dynamic change of the structure and polymorph of calcium carbonate microspheres with time in the reaction process. The effects of reaction temperature,PAA and SDS concentration on the crystallization and growth of calcium carbonate were also investigated. The results showed that PAA and SDS could affect the aggregation behavior and morphology of calcium carbonate in the reaction process. Then it put forward a rarely reported formation mechanism of the hollow microspheres. Under the conditions of reaction temperature of 80℃,PAA concentration of 0.5g/L,SDS concentration of 10mmol/L and reaction time of 1h,calcium carbonate hollow microspheres with calcite and vaterite compound polymorph and particle diameters in the range of 4~7μm could be obtained.

To solve the poor compatibility with main building materials and low service life of current commercial products,the phase change energy storage aggregate with good sealing performance was prepared using capric acid(CA) and stearic acid(SA) eutectic mixture as the phase change energy storage material,waste autoclaved aerated concrete as skeleton and slag-water glass-gypsum as the encapsulation material. CA-SA and the prepared phase change energy storage aggregate with it were characterized by DSC,FTIR and SEM. The results show that with an appropriate mass ratio of CA to SA is 9:1,CA-SA has a melting temperature of 26.8℃ and phase change latent heat of 96.4J/g. With porous waste autoclaved aerated concrete as carrier,the adsorption rate of phase change material is up to 60%. The prepared phase change energy storage aggregate possesses good sealing performance and excellent stability using slag-water glass-gypsum as encapsulation material. The simulation test shows that good temperature control and energy storage performances are achieved with this phase change energy storage aggregate.

In this article,the influence different degree of crystallinity on the mechanical properties, chemical structure,thermal stability,melting characteristic,average molecular weight and surface morphology evolution of HDPE after xeon photo-oxidation aging were studied by mechanics experiment,attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy(ATR-FTIR),thermogravimetry analysis (TGA),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),gel permeation chromatography(GPC) and scanning electron microscope(SEM),respectively. The results show that higher degree of crystallinity in the HDPE results in a faster decrease in the bending strength,bending modulus and impact strength. The degree of unsaturation,carbonyl index and hydroxyl index increase significantly and the chain branching and chain breaking are more obviously and mainly concentrated in the early part of aging. The thermogravimetry analysis characteristic temperature decreases faster,but the melting peak temperature and the oxidation induction temperature decrease less significantly. The average molecular weight decreases more intensely and the aging degree of surface microstructure is more severe. The higher crystallinity the more the flaws in HDPE,which facilitates oxidation under thermo-oxidation environment and the aging phenomenon is more severe.

LaFeO₃ nanoparticles with perovskite structure were prepared by sol-gel method using FeNO₃·9H₂O,LaNO₃·xH₂O,citric acid and acrylamide as raw materials. The effect of heat treatment temperature and doped Y on the crystal formation,crystal structure and micro morphology were investigated by thermal analysis(TG-DTA),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results indicate that LaFeO₃ with perovskite structure can be prepared lower than 500℃ by sol-gel method. Doping of Y on A sites suppresses the increase of the average grain size of LaFeO₃ by increasing the activation energy of grain growth. The ethanol sensing properties of the sensors produced using LaFeO₃ nanoparticles were also tested. It indicates that LaFeO₃ nanoparticles show a significant response to ethanol solutions with different concentrations. With the increase of ethanol concentration,the sensitivities of these sensors are almost linearly increased. For LaFeO₃ without doping while treated at different heat treatment temperatures,the sample treated at 700℃ has the best ethanol sensing sensitivity, about 54 to ethanol concentration of 100×10^-6. When the amount of doped Y is 10%(molar ratio),the sensitivity of the gas sensors to ethanol is even better,reached 163 to ethanol concentration of 100×10^-6.

Lapatinib,a new kind of epidermal growth factor tyrosine kinase inhibitors of small molecules,is employed for clinical therapy of the advanced or metastatic breast cancer induced by the overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-Ⅱ. This paper reviews the relevant literatures and patents about the production and application of Lapatinib in the last ten years,mainly introduces the synthetic process of Lapatinib and expounds systematically the synthetic process of its three key intermediates (3-chloro-4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy)aniline,N-[3-chloro-4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy) phenyl]-6-iodoquinazolin-4-amine and 5-(4-((3-chloro-4-((3-fluorobenzyl)oxy) phenyl)amino) quinazolin-6-yl)furan-2-carbaldehyde) and two key raw materials (quinazoline and 2-aminoethylmethylsulfonehydrochloride). The differences and features of various routes and the advantages and disadvantages of various routes are discussed. Optimal synthestic technology of the key intermediates raw materials and the final products-Lapatinib is presented.

Chitosan modified attapulgite(CTs-ATP) was prepared by grafting method. Chlorpyrifos/CTs-ATP/sodium alginate microspheres were prepared by extrusion dripping method. The modified attapulgite was characterized by FTIR,TG and XRD. The effects of modified attapulgite on the loading content of chlorpyrifos(LC),encapsulation efficiency(EE),swelling ratio,and slow-release kinetic were also systematically investigated. The results showed that the loaded chlorpyrifos was in crystalline form in microspheres. CTs-ATP composite microphere has higher LC and EE than acid modified ATP(AC-ATP) composite microphere. The swelling ratios and release rates of microspheres were decreased with adding modified ATP. The CTs-ATP composite microphere exhibits better slow-release and restraining the swelling properties than AC-ATP composite microphere. Their releasing behaviors could be characterized by HIGUCHI equation.

The xylosidase from the anaerobic spore bacteria Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus (XYL39B),which hydrolyzes xylooligosaccharides to xyloses,was classified into the glycoside hydrolase family 2(GH₂) by the bioinformatics analyses. The XYL39B gene (xyl39B) ression was transformed into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The recombinant XYL39B was purified by heat treatment and the Ni-NTA chromatography. The purified XYL39B reached its maximum activity at 70℃ and pH 6.0; and it retained over 90% of its initial activity at 70℃ and pH 6.0 for 2 hours. The enzyme had a broad temperature optima,and it was quite stable at temperatures ranging from 55 to 75℃. The activities of XYL39B were significantly inhibited by Zn²⁺、Cu²⁺ and SDS. The XYL39B had a Km of 11.47mmol/L,a V_max of 29.40U/g,a K_cat of 20.60s^-1 and had an apparent activation energy(E_a) of 14.52kJ/mol for p-nitrophenyl-β-D-xyloside(pNPX). All results indicated that the recombinant enzyme was an extreme thermophilic bacterial xylosidase which exhibited efficient catalytic activities and highly tolerant to xylose inhibition(inhibition constant Ki=306.87mmol/L). This work established a foundation for the subsequent modification and application of XYL39B.

Coal chemical industry wastewater is a kind of refractory industry wastewater with high salt content. In order to improve biodegradation efficiency of coal chemical industry wastewater,a halotolerant bacteria CCZU-R6 was isolated from the sewage of a coal chemical enterprise. It was identified as Bacillus sp. by its morphological properties and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Using the method of single factor experiment,the effects of degradation conditions were studied. The optimum treatment conditions for simulated saline wastewater were pH 7.0,temperature 35℃,inoculum concentration 500mg/L,and the maximum salinity tolerance was about 11%. Substrate spectral analysis showed that CCZU-R6 could degrade phenol,benzyl alcohol,and methanol. The COD removal rate was up to 93% when the coal chemical industry saline wastewater was treated by CCZU-R6 for 24 hours under the optimal conditions. The results showed that CCZU-R6 could effectively degrade saline wastewater in coal chemical industry,with good commercial application potential.

Biomass,a renewable energy source,can be employed to produce a series of furan derivatives,including 5-hydroxymethylfurfural(5-HMF),methoxymethylfurfural(MMF),and ethoxymethylfurfural(EMF). Among those chemicals,5-HMF is a promising bio-based building block that has been widely used to synthesize pharmaceutical intermediates,pesticide and plastic for pharmaceutical and chemical industries. MMF and EMF have attracted intensive attentions as a potential biofuel additive and biofuel,respectively. This review discusses the progresses in 5-HMF,MMF and EMF productions from fructose as low boiling point solvents. This process takes the advantage of facile and energy-efficient product separation via vacuum distillation to reduce the capital cost. Some solvents with boiling points below 100℃ can be used to extract 5-HMF from biphasic reaction system and serve as the reactant for MMF and EMF synthesis. The challenges and issues for producing furan derivatives are discussed and several possible strategies are proposed to solve the present problems.

In this paper,the key intermediate 4-amino-2-hydroxy-5-nitro benzoic acid(AHNA) was successfully synthesized by the acylation reaction of 4-aminosalicylic acid(ASA),then nitration and acid hydrolysis. A new polybenzimidazole monomer 4,5-diamino-2-hydroxybenzoic acid(DAHBA) was prepared by the reduction reaction of AHNA. The results showed that,using acetic acid as solvent,after ASA was first acylated with acetic anhydride and then nitrated with nitric acid for 3 hours,4-acetamido-2-hydroxy-5-nitro benzoic acid(AHNBA) was obtained with the total yield of 70.9% and the purity of 97.28%. The key intermediate AHNA was synthesized by the acid hydrolysis of AHNBA for 4 hours at reflux. AHNA was obtained with the yield of 79.5% and the purity of 99.21%. DAHBA of 98.84% purity was obtained by reduction of AHNA using hydrazine hydrate,Pd/C and reflux 30min in the water with the yield of 55.3%. The structure of DAHBA was identified by FTIR, ¹H NMR,¹³C NMR,and ESI-MS. Meanwhile,it could also provide the key monomer and technical source for the synthesis of the HI-PBO fiber with good performance of composite adhesiveness,axial compressive and light resistance.

At present,the ship has become the main air pollution in the coastal and riverine areas of China. Along with the implementation of the third phase standard of MARPOL 73/78 Convention Annex Ⅵ and the continuous improvement of the emission regulations of air pollutants from ships in China,it is urgent to carry out the control of air pollution. This paper introduced species and sources of exhaust gas emission from marine diesel engine. And then combined with the engine bench test,the emission rules of main flue gas pollutants were studied. Results showed that CO,SO₂,NO_x,PM, HC,heavy metals are the main air pollutants emission from marine diesel engine. Emission of pollutants are greatly affected by the fuel type,engine type,combustion condition and so on. This paper also reviewed the research progress of ship exhaust gas control technologies in recent years. the principles and advantages and disadvantages of different SO₂,NO_x,PM control technologies were analyzed,and research status of multi-pollutant control technology of ship exhaust gas was introduced. At last,according to the present situation of China's economic and technology,this paper pointed out that under the conditions of higher cost of fuel replacement and engine reconstruction,the effective measure to achieve the discharge standards is the exhaust gas treatment. The paper proposes that the multi-pollutant cooperative control is the developing direction of the ship exhaust gas pollution control technology. Among them,the wet multi-pollutant cooperative control technology based on the wet scrubbing technology has a very good research and application prospects.

The types and principles of nitrogen removal and their practical applications in both industrial and municipal wastewater of BAF are discussed in this paper. The recent research progresses on the influencing factors of nitrogen removal,such as air-water ratio,hydraulic loading,HRT, C/N,backwashing,pH and filter media,are summarized. And the optimum ranges of all those factors are given in terms of the cost and removal efficiency. The main problems including poor carbon source for denitrification and restricted anoxic zone are also presented. And the improved processes to solve those two main problems,such as carbon releasing material,heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification and integrated process,are discussed. The applications,strengths and problems of these three improved processes are compared. Furthermore,the trend of nitrogen removal by biological aerated filter is also presented.

The conventional microbial electrolysis cells(MECs) research mainly focused on hydrogen production. With the rapid development,integrating energy generation,pollution control,and many kinds of application forms,MECs provide a new approach to solve the world wide problems of energy shortage and water resources protection. Therefore,MECs had drawn extensive attention of scientists all over the world. This paper mainly expounded three aspects of MECs researches:the principle, influence factors and applications. And MECs application perspectives, such as wastewater treatment,microbial electrosynthesis and integrated application, are also discussed in this paper. New MECs applications and reactor configurations were recently developed,benefitting from the new materials and new methods introduced into this research field. However,low concentration product enrichment,functional bacteria domestication for target pollutants,and the operation mechanism of MECs should be further studied to improve the overall performance and advance practical applications in water treatment and chemical production.

Under the background of sustainable development,paper-making enterprises are under the pressure of both resource and environment constraints. Traditional cost accounting method that only pursues economic benefits can no longer satisfy enterprises' needs for management decisions catered to the demands of a circular economy. It is of great urgency to improve resource utilization efficiency. In view of the above situation,this paper introduces the concept of resource value flow accounting of circular economy into paper-making enterprises,correspondingly builds the resource value flow analysis model,and proposes management paradigm of resource value flow of paper-making enterprises based on PDCA circulation management mode which consists of PLAN,DO,CHECK and ACTION stages. A case study was conducted on the A paper-making enterprise to identify and trace hidden waste costs,calculate environmental damage by dividing the material flow into positive and negative products costs. This paper proposed a plan to reduce both the internal and external damages for A paper-making enterprise,and evaluated the plan to provide reliable support for a "win-win" situation of achieving both economic and environmental success for paper-making enterprises.

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles have great application prospect as sorbents because its excellent physical, chemical and uniquely magnetic properties. CH₃COOAg was added in Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles solution modified by APTES to form coordination composite,and then Ag+ was reduced to Ag by HCOONa. Thus, Fe₃O₄-Ag magnetic composite nanoparticles was made. This study investigated the mercury removal efficiencies of Fe₃O₄-Ag nanoparticles and its mechanism. Fe₃O₄-Ag nanoparticles have high mercury removal efficiency and good performance against acidic gases because the stability,the specific surface and the pore volume of nanoparticles are improved. The mercury removal efficiency decreased with increasing temperature because the adsorption process and the amalgam reaction were inhibited. When Fe₃O₄-Ag nanoparticles were used to remove mercury,Hg⁰ was adsorbed in the nanoparticles physically and Hg⁰ can be desorbed at high temperature. Fe₃O₄-Ag nanoparticles were also reproducible since they had high mercury removal efficiency after several times of desorption.

Non-thermal plasma technology has significant modification effect on solid adsorbent surface. In order to study the effect of calcium-based sorbent modified by non-thermal plasma on desulfurization and develop a high efficient desulfurization adsorbent, the calcium-based sorbents with different ratios of activated carbon(AC/CaO) were prepared. The influences of AC to CaO ratio, adsorption temperature,O₂ concentration on the desulfurization of calcium based sorbent were studied in a fixed bed adsorption test bench. Under the optimized experimental conditions,the effects of non-thermal plasma modification on the desulfurization were further studied. Results showed that the maximum capacity of per mass calcium-based adsorption for SO₂ reached 24.89 mg/g in the optimal experimental conditions,which was greater than the pure CaO. The calcium-based sorbents treated with non-thermal plasma performed higher SO₂ removal efficiency. Compared with the unmodified calcium-based sorbent,SO₂ adsorption capacity per mass increased by 61.7% through non-thermal plasma modification. There are competitive removal reaction between SO₂ and NO with calcium-based sorbent,however,it was favorable for SO₂ removal after non-thermal plasma modification.

The isothermal pyrolysis reaction characteristics of penicillin fungus residues with the presence of argon were experimentally studied using a micro fluidized bed reaction analyzer. Based on the statistics,iso-conversional method and model fit method were used to calculate the kinetic parameters of formation of H₂,CH₄,CO₂ and CO. Results indicated that the yield of bio-oil increased to a maximum value and then went down as temperature increased. The highest liquid yield of 33.5% was achieved at 600℃. The total gas production rate increased with the increase of reaction temperature. The average conversion rate of the gaseous product was also fast. The evolution profiles of hydrogen energy and carbon monoxide were more affected by reaction temperature compared to methane and carbon dioxide. For the range of conversion investigated,the average activation energies for H₂,CH₄,CO₂ and CO were 20.88kJ/mol,39.81kJ/mol,23.39kJ/mol and 10.27kJ/mol,respectively. It indicated that the difficulty for the main gas components generation ranks. For the same product,the difference between apparent activation energy in different conversion showed that reaction mechanism varied at different stages. The most probable reaction order of CH₄ produced through pyrolysis was 1.5,while that of H₂、CO and CO₂ were 2.

Aluminum hydroxide was synthesized by one-pot precipitation method using sodium carbonate (Na₂CO₃) and aluminum sulfate[Al₂(SO₄)₃·18H₂O] as precipitator and precipitate precursor agents, respectively. Simultaneously,the growth mechanism was investigated by X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). The results showed that the hydrolysis ratio of aluminum sulfate solution(0.02mol/L) was 1.98% and 100% under pH=2.50 and 3.80 at 75℃,respectively. The results of XRD,FTIR,TG-DTG and SEM showed that pH played an important role in the preparation of aluminum hydroxide by the dropwise addition of Na₂CO₃ in Al₂(SO₄)₃. When pH was less than 3,Al³⁺ kept a stable state as[Al(OH₂)₆]³⁺. With the gradual increase of pH,[Al(OH)₄(OH₂)₂]^- was generated hydrolyzed from[Al(OH₂)₆]³⁺ and subsequently dehydrated-condensed into[Al₂(OH)₈(OH₂)₂]^2- under the effect of hydration. Then,[Al₂(OH)₈(OH₂)₂]^2- transformed into[Al₂O(OH)₆]^2-with the increase of alkalinity. Finally,aluminum hydroxide was generated. Aggregated and amorphous aluminum hydroxide could be obtained when pH was 3,5 and 7. Under the pH of 9 and 11,amorphous aluminum hydroxide transformed into crystalline state of boehmite(γ-AlOOH) and a little bayerite[α-Al(OH)₃]. Meanwhile,the crystal form of aluminum hydroxide at pH=11 was better than pH=9.

Tests on direct acid leaching vanadium from stone coal in Hubei province with sulfuric acid, calcium fluoride and manganese dioxide were carried out. The influence of manganese dioxide amount,dosage of calcium fluoride,concentration of sulfuric acid,leaching temperature,liquid to solid ratio and leaching time on leaching rate of vanadium was observed individually. It showed that leaching rate of vanadium can exceed 84.94% under the conditions that the dosage of calcium fluoride and manganese dioxide is 6% and 0.5% of raw ore quality respectively,the sulfuric acid concentration is 18%,the liquid to solid ratio is 2.0mL/g,the leaching temperature remains at 95℃,the leaching time is 6h. Combined with ICP analysis of leaching solution,the XRD and FTIR and SEM-EDS analysis of leaching residue,and thermodynamics,results showed that in leaching process the fluoride can cause a certain degree of structural damage of vanadium containing minerals,and increase the exposed surfaces of vanadium containing minerals,while the appropriate amount of manganese dioxide introduced was beneficial to the destruction of mica structure,and strengthen the transformation of low valence vanadium to high valence vanadium on the exposed surface,which enhance the release of vanadium. Therefore,leaching rate of vanadium was improved. In addition,appropriate amount of manganese dioxide can make trivalent iron fluoride more easily to form,and reduce the leaching rate of iron.

Sludge bulking and large amounts of excess sludge are the significant challenges for municipal wastewater treatment plant. The bulking activated sludge was treated by low intensity ultrasound with different ultrasonic densities and ultrasonic times under 20kHz. Effects of ultrasonication on the sludge settleability and sludge reduction were investigated. Results showed that the settleability of bulking sludge was improved by ultrasonication,and sludge reduction could also be achieved simultaneously. The desirable ultrasonic time was 30-40s. After ultrasonic treatment,the settle velocity of bulking sludge was increased by 52%,and its sludge volume index(SVI) was decreased from 209mL/g to 151mL/g. The sludge reduction rate amounted to 12.5%. With the 40s ultrasonication,sludge reduction was almost accomplished,while the soluble chemical oxygendemand (SCOD) concentration in the supernatant was still significantly increased. So the sludge solubilization was lagged behind its release from sludge floc. The increase of ultrasonic time and ultrasonic density within a certain range could improve the sludge reduction rate. There were little effects of initial pH of sludge on the results of ultrasonication. But the sludge reduction rate was significantly affected by initial sludge concentration. When the sludge with relatively high sludge concentration was ultrasonicated,the increase of SCOD in the supernatant amounted to 25-29mg/gSS.

Different doping mass ratio of Sb₂O₃/BiOBr composite photocatalytic material were synthesized via a facile low-temperature liquid-phase method to further enhance visible-light photocatalytic activity. The microstructure and properties of Sb₂O₃/BiOBr composites were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),UV-Vis/DRS spectrophotometer techniques,transmission electron microscope (TEM). The photocatalytic activities of Sb₂O₃/BiOBr nanoparticles were evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB). Doping of Sb₂O₃ significantly improve the adsorption capacity of the composite. At the same time,the generation of the BiOBr surface hydroxyl groups,which could availably capture the photon-generated hole,thus improving the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂. The 3% doping mass ratio Sb₂O₃/BiOBr composite photocatalyst was found to have the highest photocatalytic activity,and was 20.03% higher than the pure BiOBr under visible light irradiation in 60min,reached 95.41%. After several cycles,the composite showed no apparent decrease in activity, whichshows the composite also have good stability.

The economy,standard,harmless treatment of the low concentration SO₂ smelting flue gas is always a difficult problem in the smelting industry. The current approach focuses on the application of traditional desulfurizer and the research of treatment with waste is rarely reported. In this paper,the active ore slurry produced from mineral dressing process of Ni-Cu sulfide ores was as desulfurizer to the low concentration of sulfur dioxide flue gas,and the pilot experimental device of flue gas desulfurization was built and the effective components and desulfurization effect of the active ore slurry as a cheap desulfurizer was reported using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),atomic absorption method and various chemical elements quantitative analysis and detection methods. The results indicate that the flue gas can reach to discharge standards when the pH of the active ore slurry is above 5.5,reduced sulfur capacity is 4.15kg/t active ore slurry,which is higher than theoretical value 3.68kg/t. The effective mineral components are mainly biotite,chlorite,dolomite,magnetite,the active magnesium oxide,calcium oxide and ferromagnetic material,in which active magnesium oxide and calcium oxide participate in the whole reaction,and the ferromagnetic material participate in reaction under the condition of weak acid medium. Heavy metal ion content in the slurry supernatant after desulfurization is lower than the discharge standard and the slag is a general solid waste,which cannot cause the environment pollution.