Photoelectrochemical cell is able to turn sunlight into stored energy conveniently in the form of hydrogen,and the stable and low-cost photoanode catalyst is crucial in this device. Hematite is considered as one of the most promising photoanode catalysts due to its suitable band gap,high theoretical solar to hydrogen efficiency,chemical stability under illumination and rich storage in earth. However,the poor conductivity,short photo-generated charge carrier lifetime and high turn-on voltage have limited the performance improvement of hematite severely. This review introduces the basic mechanism of photoelectrocatalysis and energy band excitation,then it summarizes the synthesis of nanostructure α-Fe₂O₃ and the improvements on the photoelectrocatalysis property of hematite in recent years,including conductivity enhancement by element doping,oxygen evolution overpotential or trap concentration reduction by surface treatment,and photo-induced voltage or specific area increase by coupling with other materials. The future developing perspectives of hematite are also presented,and multi-modified technologies are considered as important ways to improve the photocurrent density.

A lot of research has been conducted to study the reaction kinetics of electron beam(EB) treatment of wastewater. However,relatively less attention has been paid to the hydrodynamic behavior and absorbed dose distribution of the EB reactor which is crucially important for the EB treatment efficiency. Existing EB reactors were classified,analyzed and compared in this paper. Advantages and disadvantages of different kinds of EB reactors were briefly discussed. The waterfall and nozzle jet reactors were widely used and their flow coincided well with the requirement of electron beam,but very few systematic studies were conducted on them. The treatment capacity of the spraying reactors was relatively small and there were very few studies on the aerosol flow formed by them. As for up-flow and plate reactors,their absorbed dose distribution was less uniform. All previous studies didn't consider the detailed hydrodynamic of the EB reactor and its effect on the absorbed dose distribution which is also considered as the future research area for EB reactor study. Computational fluid dynamic(CFD) method should be used to study the detailed hydrodynamic of the EB reactor,including the velocity,depth and density distribution of the flow. The Monte Carlo method incorporating CFD simulation result should be used to study the absorbed dose distribution of the flow. The configuration of the EB reactor should be improved to make the absorbed dose distribution more uniform.

Two-phase flow theory was used to establish an one-dimensional and steady state mathematical model of bubble pump pressure drop. Three kinds of homogeneous flow pressure drop models and 15 kinds of split phase flow pressure drop models (three kinds of split phase flow friction pressure drop models with 5 kinds of cross section gas rate models) were selected to simulate,then the experimental data of the bubble pump with saturated water as working fluid were analyzed and compared with the theoretical value. The result showed that simulation accuracy of the Friedel friction pressure drop model combining Zuber section gas rate model is the highest. However,when we use this model to simulate the flow characteristics of the liquid lift of the bubble pump with the change of the heating power,we found that the theoretical value and the experimental value agree well only within a certain range of heating power. Therefore,sectional optimization on bubble pump model was put forward. We found that the simulation accuracy of M-S split phase flow model combined with Tom variable density section gas rate model is the highest under the working condition of low heating power. The Dukler homogeneous flow model of the friction pressure drop is the best model under the higher heating power working condition. Therefore,the method of optimizing the theoretical model of bubble pump by subsection has high credibility.

Deterministic methods are easily trapped into local optimal when applied in global heat integration of heat exchanger network(HEN)resulting from the serious nonconvex and nonlinear characteristics of HEN problem. An auxiliary function was established on the basis of multiplier method to turn the primal constrained problem into an unconstrained one. Then,a mini-max alternate optimization algorithm based on Newton method was put forward to apply in the optimization of HEN,where the maximal and minimal optima were alternately solved to jump out of the current local optimum,continue to obtain the new local minimum value with the local optimization method,and realize the global heat integration of HEN. Moreover,a strategy to prevent the "rebound" phenomenon was proposed to avoid the repeated optimization in the certain region. Two HEN cases were used to verify the feasibility of the algorithm. The results compared with the literature data showed that mini-max alternate optimization algorithm is effective to improve the performance of deterministic method in the optimization of HEN and has strong global search ability.

The porosity of adsorption column was changed due to the swing motion of the boat for the offshore natural gas production. To study the effect of adsorption column porosity on adsorption purification, an adsorption experimental apparatus was built. A two-dimensional adsorption purification model was established based on the experiment data, and the validity of the model was confirmed. Result shows that the mass fraction of CH₄ at the exit of adsorption column rose to more than 0.99 mole fraction with the increase of adsorption column porosity at the static state. The adsorption heat in the adsorption column rose with the increase of adsorption column porosity. In the case of flowing adsorption, the pressure drop in the adsorption column decreased dramatically with the increase of adsorption column porosity. The best adsorption purification achieved when the adsorption column porosity was 0.35. Along the axis direction of the adsorption column, adsorption heat showed a downward trend, and decreased rapidly with the decrease of the adsorption column porosity. This study will help improve the production efficiency of offshore natural gas, and have a significant effect on the rapid development of natural gas.

Random walking algorithm with compulsive evolution(RWCE) is a novel heuristic method to optimize heat exchanger networks,which has a powerful global optimizing ability in the process of evolution. In this paper,the effect of maximal step length on the performance of RWCE algorithm was studied. To efficiently control the global and local search ability of the algorithm,a decreasing maximal step length adjustment strategy based on a parabola opening downwards curve was proposed. Compared with the basic algorithm,the strategy is capable of jumping out of local optima in the late evolution stage and strengthening the local search ability. The optimal results of three HEN cases (10SP2,9SP and 15SP) from literatures were used to test the effectiveness of the RWCE algorithm cooperated with proposed strategy. The results of former two(10SP2 and 9SP)are better than the best results published,which is 20.98% and 1.11% lower than the original literature results. A new heat exchanger networks structure was found in case 3(15SP),which is better than the majority of optimal results of no stream splits and 4.6% lower than the literature results. The results of these three cases demonstrate that the method enjoys a better optimization capability in the global optimization of heat exchanger network.

The discrete element method(DEM)was employed to simulate motion and mixing of polydisperse particles in a rotary drum. The effects of eccentricity on partition of particle system and its regional variation,change of large particle velocity and mixing degree of polydisperse particles were studied. Results showed that the rolling regime is divided three areas in the eccentric drum,particle system,the stagnant layer,the active layer and the vortex core. There is no actual vortex core,the shape and position of the "moving vortex core" are periodically changed with the rotation of the drum in the eccentric drum. In the center drum,the velocity of large particles in the stagnant layer is basically equal in different particle motion period. But in the eccentric drum,the two uniform velocity of the large particle in the two adjacent stagnant layer is unequal. The change of large particle velocity is more obvious with increasing eccentricity. The eccentricity has little effect on contact result of polydisperse particles. The variation of contact numbers of polydisperse particles is similar to that of the damping vibration curve in the mixing process.

Since the exergy analysis of variable frequency compressors has clear guidance values about optimizing the thermodynamic system operation under liquid-vapor mixture refrigerant suction,the changing trends of the exergy loss,exergy efficiency,exergy loss rate,exergy loss coefficient,refrigerating capacity,COP,total exergy loss,total exergy efficiency and total exergy loss coefficient under different suction states and compressor efficiencies have been analyzed and which equipment is the weakest link in the system under liquid-vapor mixture refrigerant suction has also been obtained. Results showed that:①when rolling rotor compressors suck vapor refrigerant mixed a little liquid refrigerant,the increase of exergy efficiency of condenser and evaporator is greater than the decrease of exergy efficiency of compressor;that is to say,the beneficial effects of liquid-vapor mixture refrigerant suction on condensers and evaporators are greater than the adverse impacts on compressors. ②The total exergy loss and total exergy loss coefficient are minimum at x=0.95,while the total exergy efficiency is maximun at x=0.95. ③When compressors are operated under high efficiencies,the exergy losses of condenser and evaporator will be increased significantly. ④When the compressor efficiency is 50Hz and compressor sucks vapor refrigerant mixed a little liquid refrigerant,the exergy loss,exergy loss rate and exergy loss coefficient of evaporator are maximun and the exergy efficiency of evaporator is minimum. Thus,the evaporator is the weakest link in the system at this moment. The conclusions mentioned above are the same with the same type of rolling rotor compressors.

Trifoil-hole baffle is a typical support plate which can improve heat transfer performance of tube and shell heat exchanger in the form of longitudinal flow,with many advantages such as smaller resistance and the ability of flow induced vibration weakening. In order to analyze the heat transfer enhancement effect and mechanism of trifoil-hole baffle on the shell side of tube and shell heat exchanger,a series of unit channel models for trifoil-hole baffle with different hole height H was built according to the periodical and symmetrical characteristics. The renormalization group k-epsilon turbulence model and SIMPLE coupling algorithm were adopted for numerical simulation of shell side flow and comprehensive heat transfer performance evaluation. Results showed that Nusselt number Nu and resistance coefficient f of heat exchanger with trifoil-hole baffle are all larger than that without trifoil-hole baffle. Both the relative ratio of Nu/Nu₀ and f/f₀ decrease with H but the value of performance evaluation indicators(PEC)increases with H. Besides,the surface average of synergy angle β is lesser and longitudinal vortex magnitude Ωx is larger for heat exchanger with trifoil-hole baffle compared with that without trifoil-hole baffle,which illustrate the improvement of field synergy and intensification of longitudinal vortex all contribute to the heat transfer enhancement of trifoil-hole baffle.

Waste wood,peanut shells,rice husk,and pomace of sugarcane were chosen as experiment raw materials and mixed with quartz sands at different mass ratio to investigate the influence of biomass species and mass ratio in a 3D laboratory fluidized bed. The bed size is 1000mm in height and 120mm×32mm of cross section horizontally. The pressure fluctuation inside the bed was recorded and analyzed. The results show that biomass species and mass ratio had negligible effect on minimum fluidization velocity when mass ratio was less than 0.02. Fast Fourier transform was employed to obtain the power spectral density of pressure fluctuation signals. It's shown that the PSD of pressure fluctuation at lower velocity ranged from 10Hz to 15Hz when rice husk was added,and increased to about 20Hz to 25Hz when the velocity increased. Pomace of sugarcane,peanut shells,and waste wood had no main frequency at lower velocity,but when the velocity increased the main frequency was found to be ranged from 10Hz to 15Hz.

The performance of condensation heat transfer of R410A、R407C and R404A were experimentally studied and compared to horizontal tubes. The enhanced tubes in this study have three dimensional inner screw and outer diagonal fins. The Wilson plot method was used to treat experimental data and obtain the coefficient of convective heat transfer in tubes and convective heat transfer correlation in the form of Dittus-Boelter. Then the condensation heat transfer coefficient on tubes can be figured out on the basis of separation of thermal resistance. The results showed that under the same conditions,the condensation heat transfer coefficient is the sequence of R410A > R404A > R407C. The outer enhancement factor of these three refrigerants is 9.53-14.07、6.81-11.48 and 3.23-5.28. The enhancement ratio of R410A、R404A and R407C is 1.77,1.73,1.76. The condensation heat transfer coefficient of R410A decreased with the increasing degree of super-cooling,the same as the condensation characteristics of the single refrigerant. However,as the increasing degree of super-cooling,the condensation heat transfer coefficients of 404A and R407C increase. The reason is that a layer of vapor film forms in the condensation process of the non-azeotropic,which increased the heat transfer resistance.

Combustion characteristics and kinetics of coke under five different atmosphere were investigated with non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyzer. FWO and Vyazovkin integration methods were used to analysis and compare the combustion kinetics. It is shown in the result that the ignition temperature and burnout temperature become lower,the maximum weight loss turn bigger,and combustion characteristic index are enhanced as the concentration of oxygen increases and the concentration of CO₂ decreases. Calculated by the two integration methods,the activation energy decreases with the increasing burnout extent. As it may be seen,the FWO method gave higher E values than the Vyazovkin method but both gave the same order of differences between different combustion atmospheres. Because of the different Integral formula,it is fair to have different values between the two methods. The oxygen concentration between 18%~21% will be better for sintering from the sides of economic and energy.

In nature pyrolysis can be considered as the initial stage and/or paralleling part of coal combustion,gasification and direct liquefaction,and pyrolysis itself is also one of the fundamental technologies in coal conversion processes. Thus it is understandable that reaction heat of coal pyrolysis is of significance that it is the important thermodynamic parameter used in reactor design,mechanism study,and energy efficiency assessment. This paper presents a critical survey on the status of methods and techniques for measurement of pyrolysis reaction heat of coal and relevant heterogeneous organic matters,and a detailed analysis and comparison of these methods,such as model prediction methods(Merric model,Strezov model)and experimental measuring methods(heat value method,electricity power method,computer aided thermal analysis,and differential scanning calorimetry method)were conducted,in which especial attention was paid to the possibility of application of these methods in the measurement of pyrolysis reaction heat. Results show that an easy,but rational and considerable accurate method for measurement of coal pyrolysis heat on the basis of TG-DSC technique could be established under conditions that the effects of measuring parameters on measurement precision are thoroughly studied and elucidated,as well as the measurement data resolution process is constructed.

The macroscopic properties of heavy oil had been extensively studied. There are very few studies on characterizing of molecular level information. To having better understanding of the composition of heavy oil,and providing more detailed and effective information for further processing,the sulfur-containing compounds from Saudi Arabia atmospheric residue were converted to methyl sulfide salt with polarity using methyl derivatization method. Positive-ion electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer(ESI FT-ICR MS)was employed to analyze the heteroatomic compounds. The results showed that the relative abundance of heteroatom compounds from high to low was:S₁,N₁,S₂,O₁S₁,N₁S₁,N₁O₁,N₁S₂,and N₁O₂. S₁ class species contained a sulfur atom that had the highest relative abundance. Among them,the relative abundance of benzothiophene homologues series(DBE=6) was the highest,followed by dibenzothiophene homologues series(DBE=9). Compared with S₁ class species,the DBE and carbon number distribution of S₂ were less. Meanwhile,S₂ class species with 9 DBE had higher relative abundance.

Rice husk was selected as the raw material in this study. After combined acid washing and torrefaction pretreatment,the products from pyrolsis of raw and pretreated samples were analyzed. This study investigated the effect of acid washing and torrefaction pretreatment on pyrolysis products of biomass. It was found that alkali and alkaline earth metals were significantly removed by the combining pretreatment with acid washing and torrefaction. With the increase of C and the decrease of O and H,high heat value was increased,and the fuel characteristics were enhanced. It was found that higher bio-oil yield and lower char yield was obtained by light bio-oil washing pretreatment,and with the increase of the temperature of torrefaction,the bio-oil yield decreased,but the char yield increased. The results of gas products indicated that the relative content of combustible components was increased. For bio-oil,pretreatment resulted in a reduction of water content,but along with significant increase of pH and HHVs. The production of sugars was increased in bio-oil,while acids,ketones and furans were reduced. Pretreatment also developed the pore structure of char,specific surface area was increased,and the content of silica in rice husk ash was increased up to 98.91%. A new system on the comprehensive utilization of rice husk was proposed based on the current results.

The preparation of biological aviation kerosene has drawn great attention because of the development of air transport industry,the shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution. To obtain the optimum conditions of preparing biological aviation kerosene by one-step catalytic hydrogenation,the biological aviation kerosene was produced by one-step hydro treatment over Pd/Hβ-Al₂O₃ with jatropha oil as raw material in a high-pressure reactor. Based on single factor experiments,Box-Behnken central composite design of response surface methodology was applied to study the effect of the process conditions(temperature,hydrogen pressure,rotating speed)on the percentage of C₈-C₁₆ hydrocarbon. The experimental results show that the temperature of 310℃,hydrogen pressure of 2.48MPa,and the rotational speed of 86.17r/min were the best experimental reaction conditions. Under these conditions,the verification test was carried out 3 times,and the rate of deoxygenation was 99.98%,the percentage of C₈-C₁₆ hydrocarbons was 73.86%.

The uniformity of the vanadium redox flow battery(VRB)directly affect its life span. The flow channel structure and the operating parameters of the battery had been measured and analyzed. By optimizing the pipeline structure and flow frame structure,the uniformity of the stack was improved. When the ratio of executive diameter to branch pipe diameter was reduced from 4:3 to 4:1,the standard deviation of the liquid flow velocity was reduced from the 0.039m/s to 0.001m/s. The standard deviation of the stack liquid flow had been decreased from the 0.142m/s to 0.032m/s by optimizing the flow frame structure. The standard deviation of VRB increased linearly with the increase of the current. The slope and intercept of the linear equation related to the properties of electrolyte,electrode materia,and surface structure. The standard deviation of VRB decreased with the increase of the flow rate, but stayed the same after a certain flow was reached. The experimental results can provide technical support for the material selection and the operation of VRB.

The influence of chlorine content on transfer of sodium and calcium during combustion of Zhundong coal is conducted by the equilibrium experiment with inductively coupled plasma and atomic emission spectrum(ICP-AES),X ray diffraction analysis and horizon tube furnace. Results show that the chlorine content in Zhundong coal can promote the volatilization of sodium. The escape rate of sodium rises from 76.6% to 92.9% when PVC content increases from 0 to 0.6wt.%. More sodium chloride is produced and then transported into gas phase due to the higher concentration of sodium and chlorine,and the sulfate formed by votatile sodium and SO₂/SO₃ sticks on the tube wall between 450℃ and 650℃. Consequecely,the initial contamination layer is formed. Chlorine content in Zhundong coal has little effect on the migration of calcium because calcium salt is stable and difficult to volatilize. Only around 5% of the calcium volatilizes into gas phase and only 0.7% of calcium is absorbed by the water washing system. Around 3% of calcium sticks on the wall to form a slagging layer. This paper provides data support and theoretical guidance in solving or relieving slagging problems during combustion of Zhundong coal.

Taking the kerogen from the lower segment of the Longmaxi formation in Sichuan Basin as the study objects,some essential structural characteristics are obtained based on analysis of isothermal adsorption,XRD,FTIR and ¹³C NMR. XRD analysis confirms that the kerogen exists with the long-range disordered state of aggregation. Through the adsorption isothermal experiments of the dry kerogen and equilibrium water kerogen,it is easily found that the kerogen can adsorb the water molecules and the chemical structure of the kerogen must contain hydrophilic oxygen-containing functional groups because the methane adsorption capacity of kerogen decreases after the dry kerogen adsorbed the water molecules. Adopted the FTIR to qualitatively analyze the functional groups in kerogen from Longmaxi formation,it is noted that this type of the kerogen contains the benzene ring,the hydroxyl,the methylene,the methyl and so on. Taken advantage of ¹³C NMR to express the chemical structure of carbon atoms in kerogen,the aromatic carbon,the aliphatic carbon and the carbonyl carbon can be found there. The main structure component is the aromatic carbon,while the aliphatic carbon and the carbonyl carbon just serve as the connections among the aromatic constitutional units. In addition,the initial molecular model of kerogen is achieved based on these information. And then,the gNMR software is helpful to predict the NMR spectrum of the initial molecular model. The predicted NMR spectrum is in contrast with the experimental one. Thus,the molecular model of kerogen structure is amended until both of them are very close to gain the correct molecular model of kerogen. Meanwhile,some experimental structure parameters are acquired by the previous experiments which can compare with the structure parameters from the simulative molecular model. The contrast analysis results show that the simulative structure parameters conform with the experiment ones,indicating that the simulative molecular model can serve as the model simulated adsorption performance of kerogen from the Longmaxi formation in Sichuan Basin.

As the best liquid organic hydrides medium,methylcyclohexane is very important in the MTH circulation system. But the catalyst used in catalytic dehydrogenation process of MCH has the problems of the poor activity at low temperature and instability at high temperature,which limited the MTH circulation for large-scale application. This paper reviews the applications of MTH system and the research status about different kinds of catalysts applied in the process of the methylcyclohexane dehydrogenation. It also summarizes the design of the single and double metal catalysts and compares the performance of different catalysts. In addition,the hydrogen evolution rate,the reaction conditions and the structure characteristics of the catalyst are compared. Analysis shows that the catalysts with highly active at low temperature or good stability at high temperature is advantageous to the dehydrogenation process of MCH. In addition,the development of catalysts that could break the reaction equilibrium limit,strengthen the mass transfer and heat transfer and maintain the stability will prompt the applications of the MTH system.

Ionic liquids can be used as solvents,catalytic active sites,stabilizers,dispersants et al owing to their unique solvent performances,catalytic performances and designable structures. Supported palladium catalysts have many advantages such as high specific surface area,metal dispersion and good thermal stability,as well as problems of low selectivity of target selectivity,high cost and unclear reaction mechanism. Taking selective hydrogenation of phenol as the probe reaction,this paper summarizes the requirements for the catalysts and the advantages of palladium. Hydrogenation catalysts of phenol are divided into inorganic supported Pd catalysts,polymer supported Pd catalysts and ionic liquid-polymer supported Pd catalysts. The influences of carriers,ionic liquids,palladium salts,additives on the catalytic performance are analyzed. The results show that non-porous,polyfunctional alkaline carriers with certain microstructures,and certain elements such as P,N have better catalytic performance. And carriers with more basic sites are more likely to have higher activity and selectivity. Additives such as Na、K、Al、Ni、Ca、Cs et al can improve the catalytic performance while reducing costs. The hydrogenation performance of Pd(OAc)₂ is better than that of the other three. The application of ILs makes it easier to separate the catalysts from the reaction system,relieves the reaction requirements,and improves the activity and selectivity of catalysts. So the in-depth studies of ionic liquids in the catalytic hydrogenation process,catalytic hydrogenation mechanisms and catalyst stability are the primary directions in the future.

Solid acid catalysts have been commonly employed for the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose in recent years due to the ease of product separation and good catalyst recyclability. This paper summarizes the recent advances in the hydrolysis of cellulose using different types of solid acids,such as metal oxides,polymer based acids,sulfonated carbonaceous based acids,heteropoly acids,H-form zeolites,magnetic solid acids,supported metals,solid superacid,and graphene derivative. The catalysts still need to be improved in cellulose contact and active components retainment. The acid strength,acid site density,adsorption of the substance,and micropores of the solid material are all key factors for effective hydrolysis processes. Meanwhile,methods used to promote reaction efficiency,such as the pretreatment of cellulose to reduce its crystallinity and the use of ionic liquids or microwave irradiation to improve the reaction rate,are also discussed. Finally,the potential research trends are also suggested to provide valuable ideas for the hydrolysis of cellulose into glucose in a green,simple,efficient,and inexpensive way.

The control of the generation rate of the LaMnO₃ gel and the construction of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous(3DOM) LaMnO₃ were accomplished via the nitric acid-aided method. Moreover,the (Ag,Au,Pd)/LaMnO₃ were also prepared by the impregnation method. The morphology,crystalline,composition and reducibility of the prepared catalysts were characterized by means of FE-SEM,XRD,XPS and TPR,respectively. Compared with the unmodified sample,the metal modified samples presented higher O_ads/O_latt and lower reduction temperature. The catalytic properties of the four samples are in the order of:LaMnO₃ < Ag/LaMnO₃ < Au/LaMnO₃ < Pd/LaMnO₃,which is consistent with the rule of their O_ads/O_latt. Moreover,the resulted catalysts all exhibited excellent stability. The results indicated that the generation rate of the LaMnO₃ gel could be effectively modulated by HNO₃. More oxygen vacancies were provided on the metal modified samples than on the unmodified sample,which resulted in an enhanced catalytic oxidation activity for ethyl acetate oxidation.

Recently,Ti₃C₂T_x-a family of early transition metal carbides,called MXenes,were discovered and applied to the catalyst supporter of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs),which showed enhanced durability and improved oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)activity. Here,we synthesized a catalyst by mixing homogeneous 2D Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets solution with one-dimensional(1D)carbon nanotubes(CNT)and chloroplatinic acid. The hybrid structure catalyst(Pt-CNT/TiC)is consisted of zero-dimensional 0D Pt nanoparticles,1D carbon nanotubes(CNT)and 2D Ti₃C₂T_x nanosheets. Compared with the catalyst without adding Ti₃C₂T_x(Pt-CNT),the Pt-CNT/TiC catalyst shows high electro-catalysis activity for methanol oxidation reaction(MOR)and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR).

Polyepichlorohydrin(PECH)was synthesized by ring-opening polymerization with epoxy chloropropane. Then the amino-terminal polyepichlorohydrin was obtained by bromination and ammonification,and the polymer catalyst of chloride 1-amino polyether-3-methyl imidazole ionic liquid([H₂N-PECH-MIM]Cl) was prepared from the amino-terminal polyepichlorohydrin and N-methyl imidazole. Finally,IR and NMR were used to characterize the chemical structure of [H₂N-PECH-MIM]Cl,while TGA and GPC were used to determinate the thermal properties and molecular weight. Propylene carbonate was synthesized from propylene epoxide and carbon dioxide with the catalyst of [H₂N-PECH-MIM]Cl. The effects of temperature,pressure and the number of recycles on catalytic properties were studied in terms of purity,conversion,selectivity and the turnover frequency(TOF). The catalytic performance of [H₂N-PECH-MIM]Cl and [AeMIM]Br was compared. The results showed that the chemical structure of the prepared[H2N-PECH-MIM]Cl was right,and the yield was 71% and the catalytic performance was far better than that of the organocatalyst of [AeMIM]Br.[H₂N-PECH-MIM]Cl could achieve the catalytic process efficiently without assistant catalyst and could be used 10 times under mild conditions. The purity,conversion rate,the selectivity and TOF were 99.0%,100%,96.9% and 3848h^-1 respectively at 90℃,and 1.8MPa with the catalyst dosage of 1.0%.

Hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared in a novel impinging stream-rotating packed bed reactor(IS-RPB)by a toilless salt-aided seed-induced route. The effects of rotation speed,colloidal silica flow rate,natrium aluminate mixture flow rate and cycle time on the structure of mesopores were investigated. The high gravity technology was compared with traditional hydrothermal synthesis method. The as-prepared hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite was characterized by XRD,SEM,the laser particle size analyzer and N₂ adsorption-desorption techniques. The experimental results indicated that the optimum operating condition was:the rotation speed of 1200r/min,colloidal silica flow rate of 30mL/min and natrium aluminate mixture flow rate of 20L/h. The remarkable micromixing property of the IS-RPB led to the formation of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite with narrow particle size distribution and regular morphology with obviously decreased crystallization time. This work provided a new method for the industrial production of hierarchical ZSM-5 zeolite.

Noble metal,has become a research focus in multiple fields due to its empty d electron orbit,small energy gap and diverse coordinations. However,high prices,rare reserves and low utilization have severely restricted their extensive application. So developing excellent functional carriers has become a hot area recently,which makes noble metals be separated from the reaction system easily and recycled effectively and avoids trace residues within the system,reducing environmental pollution. This paper reviewed recent studies of the cheap,non-toxic chitosan green materials which are rich in hydroxyl groups,amino groups and used as noble metal carriers. It also introduced domestic and international representative academic achievements which apply functionlized chitosan in adsorption,catalysis,medicine and other applications. Influences of different surface modification methods on the interaction between noble metals and chitosan carrier have been compared and analyzed. And we outlined the current problems in the noble metal research,such as relatively limited study on morphology and difficulties in controllable large-scale preparation. And its development in biological medicine has been also forecasted.

In recent years,graphene and its composites are considered new promising environmental protection materials,because they have large specific surface area,strong transmission electron ability and stable structure which renders them ability to adsorb more kinds of pollutants than other materials,especially for heavy metals. The current researches of the removal of heavy metals from the water by graphene materials are reviewed in this paper. The removal ability and mechanism of cadmium,mercury,chromium,copper,lead,zinc and arsenic ions by graphene materials are analyzed. The results show that the dispersion of graphene materials in water,the type of reactive functional groups,control of electronic transmission and the reuse performance of graphene composites have significant effects on the removal of heavy metal ions. We also point out that controlling graphene layers aggregation,increasing the hydrophilicity,improving the recycle ability and preparing high sensitive selective electrode will be hot topics of graphene materials modified researches. In addition,graphene composites also have good adsorption capacity for some organic pollutants,so the preparation of graphene composites as purifiers for many pollutants will become one of the main research directions of graphene composites.

The microstructure of expanded graphite(EG)has important influence on flexible graphite products,since EG is the raw material. An introduction of the macro-meso-micro pore distribution,pore size and pore shape in expanded graphite was made. The pore structure could be influenced by various factors,such as particle size,processes of oxidation and intercalation,degree of oxidation,water-washing,expansion fashion,crushing,etc. The basic principles of N₂ absorption isotherms,mercury instruction porosimetry,scanning electron microscope for structure characterizations were introduced. Advantages and disadvantages of small-angle X-ray scattering,atomic force microscope,DSC thermoporosimetry,NMR cryoporometry were also summarized. Furthermore,several suggestions of strengthening the study on meso-micro pore structure of expanded graphite and integrating various characterization methods were proposed for the further research of expanded graphite and its applications in other areas.

Mycotoxins secreted by mould are widely existed in musty feedstuff and food, and they have been a global threat to the health of human beings. How to detoxify the contaminated feedstuff and food has been a hot issue to date, and one of the most effective treating methods is adsorption with montmorillonite. This paper introduces conventional mycotoxins and common detoxification methods first, followed by the structure of montmorillonite and its mechanism to detoxify feedstuff, with the focus on the advances of modification techniques using quarternary ammonium salts, metal ions, organic acids and so on. Treatment can not only modify the interlayer distance of montmorillonite, but also improve its surface property, and the exchanged cations can form strong interaction with mycotoxins, which enhances the disinfecting effects accordingly. Finally, the perspective of modified montmorillonite is discussed. It maybe expected that new modification methods including new degradable modifier reagents and combined adsorption of different mycotoxins would be focused on in the future study.

Thermal decomposition of industrial by-product gypsum is one of the most effective ways to recycle SO₂ and the corresponding solid residues. The high cost,high energy-consuming,and low efficiency,seriously limit the reutilization of industrial by-product gypsum. This paper reviewed the recent advances on the research of thermal decomposition of industrial by-product gypsum. Based on the influence of atmospheric conditions,the ratio of reductant to CaSO₄,the facilitation of addictive or impurity,and heating temperatures,the decomposition and desulfurization degree were analyzed. The advantages of microwave heating method were highlighted compared to conventional heating,and the decomposition mechanisms of CaSO₄ with C/CO were also summarized under different conditions. The research trend for thermal decomposition of industrial by-product gypsum in the future was discussed as well. The decomposition and desulfurization degree of industrial by-product gypsum can be effectively improved by optimizing reaction condition to reduce the high cost. The results showed that microwave assisted heating desulphurization of industrial by-product gypsum will be a promising direction for industry in the future.

Using different difunctional and trifunctional organoalkoxysilane as monomers,we obtained phenyl vinyl silicone resin with high refractive index by solvent-free dehydration condensation copolymerization,and then prepared potting material by curing the silicone resin through hydrosilylation with silicone oil as crosslinking agent. IR,NMR,TGA,UV,hardness tester,universal testing machine and other methods were used to characterize the silicone resin and the cured potting material. Influences of different factors on the synthesis process were investigated and the optical and mechanical properties of the cured potting material were studied. The results showed that the preparation of solvent-free silicone resin required an appropriate catalyst,suitable amount of water and reaction temperature in order to ensure the transparency of the product. The refractive index of the material increased linearly with phenyl content,and the cured product showed the best mechanical properties when the phenyl content was 30% to 40%.

With mercaptoacetic acid as stabilizer,CdTe quantum dot was directly synthesized by water phase synthesis method. Then with chitosan as mediation,CdTe quantum dot was indirectly assembled onto gold nanoparticle self-assembled monolayer surface via the chemical bond adsorption. The preparation conditions and the fluorescence properties of CdTe quantum dot self-assembled monolayers(SAMs)were further studied. The experimental results showed that fluorescence intensity of the gold nanoparticle CdTe self-assembled film was quenched with the increase of mercury ion concentration,and it had a good linear relationship with mercury (Ⅱ) concentration in the range of 0-16×10^-8g/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 and detection limit of 1.56×10^-10g/L. The membrane also showed good stability,high sensitivity and good renewability,etc. The new fluorescent sensor was used to detect mercury (Ⅱ) in water from three different areas in Pu tian,and it was found that the mercury ion concentrations of three samples were within the standard,and the sample recovery rate was 96.5%-98%,which verify the method was suitable for the determination of mercury (Ⅱ).

The styrene/butadiene/styrene block copolymer(SBS)membrane materials filled with various contents of corn straw lignin were prepared through solution casting. The effects of lignin contents on the performances of SBS were studied by mechanical property testing,dynamic mechanical analysis(DMA) and cone calorimeter test. The tensile test results showed that the mechanical properties of SBS elastomer could be improved by filling with lignin. The tensile strength and elongation at break for the SBS with 6% lignin were 22.8MPa and 2400%,respectively. Compared with the unfilled SBS,the tensile strength and elongation at break of modified SBS increased by 32% and 15% respectively. The DMA analysis indicated that the storage modulus and the glass-transition temperature(T_g) were also improved by filling with lignin. The cone calorimeter test results showed that the total heat release(THR)and the specific extinction area(SEA)were reduced by filling with lignin. The rate of mass loss was slower,which indicated that the flame retardant property of SBS was improved by filling with corn straw lignin.

Nano-Al₂O₃ was surface-modified by silane coupling agent (2-cyanogen ethyl) triethoxysilane,with which the modified Al₂O₃/PVDF organic-inorganic hybrid membrane was prepared by thermally induced phase transition. Effect of the dosage of the modified Al₂O₃ on the performance of the hybrid membrane was examined. After modified by (2-cyanogen ethyl) triethoxysilane,the number of nano-Al₂O₃ particle clusters was reduced,and the averaged minimum size of nano-Al₂O₃ particles decreased to 52.23nm.The addition of modified nano-Al₂O₃ improved the morphology of hybrid membrane,compared with the pure PVDF membrane,the spherulite density increased and the spherulite size of hybrid membrane became smaller,and a lot of holes through the interface were formed,resulting in the increased membrane porosity. The hydrophilicity,mechanical properties and rejection of PVDF membrane were improved greatly with the addition of modified Al₂O₃. When the amount of Al₂O₃ was more than 5%,the rejection of the film increased by 7.2%,and the pure water flux of the modified Al₂O₃/PVDF membrane was 593.95L/(m²·h),and mechanical strength of hybrid membrane reached 5.0MPa.

To prepare the high whiteness bamboo fiber,the raw material,bamboo powder,was first pre-treated by formic acid/acetic acid/H₂O(symbol A). Then,the middle product bamboo cellulose was extracted by formic acid/acetic acid/H₂O₂(symbol A_p). The effect of formic acid/acetic acid volume ratio,H₂O₂ dosage,solid-liquid ratio(g/mL),reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yield and whiteness was analyzed using univariate analysis. After that,the effect of NaOH dosage,H₂O₂ dosage,solid-liquid ratio(g/mL),reaction temperature and reaction time on the product yield and whiteness were discussed in TCF bleaching with NaOH/H₂O₂ system(process P). Simultaneously,the influence of multi-step treatment to extract cellulose was investigated. When the volume ratio of Formic acid/Acetic acid was 40:60,solid-liquid ratio was 1:10(g/mL),and dosage of H₂O₂ solution was 9%(V%),the mixture was first stirred for 0.5h at 60℃,then the reaction temperature was raised to 90℃ and maintained for 2h Under the process condition of 5% H₂O₂,6% NaOH,solid-liquid ratio 1:10 (g/mL),stirring at 90℃ for 2h,the whiteness of the product by AAA_pA_pPP treatment was up to 90.5%.

In this paper,a new type of porous potato starch was synthesized by microwave-assisted method. During the preparation process,the parameters of the emulsifier were changed so that the starch granules were not evenly dispersed. Different mesh of porous starches were obtained by grinding and sieving. Using Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM),Specific surface area analyzer(BET)and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR),the detailed analysis was performed on the morphology and structure of potato starch and porous starch. Isothermal adsorption experiment of different mesh of porous starch was conducted with methylene blue solution(MB)and the influence of Gibbs's free energy on adsorption was studied. The results show that the crosslinking reaction occurs not only within the particles but also between the particles due to the uneven dispersion of starch particles. With the increase of mesh number,the surface structure of porous starch was destroyed and the surface roughness was increased;more and more holes were in the starch and pore size increased gradually. The adsorption process of porous starch was in line with the Langmuir Isothermal adsorption equation. With the increase of mesh size,fitting degree and adsorption amount increase gradually. The maximum adsorption amount of porous starch is 188.7 mg/g at the temperature of 298K.

2,5-Furandicarboxylic acid(2,5-FDCA) is a promising bio-based aromatic platform chemical for the synthesis of high performance polymers and has been regarded as the most suitable alternative to the petroleum-derived terephthalic acid. The synthesis of 2,5-FDCA through efficient and low cost route has been a hot subject since last decade. In this review article,the popular starting materials,including 5-hydroxymethyl furfural(HMF),furoic acid,furan,diglycolic acid,and hexaric acid,for the fabrication of 2,5-FDCA,are introduced in detail. Perspectives are given based on the comparison of different synthetic routes. The most popular synthetic route is based on HMF by either directly oxidation,noble metal oxidation,non-noble metal oxidation or enzyme catalysis oxidation. This method is considered as the most promising one to achieve large scale preparation of 2,5-FDCA. More importantly,development of novel technology for the conversion of cellulose to glucose is critical to produce large amount of low cost HMF.

A water-soluble phenolic resin composite crosslinking agent was synthesized by the combination of water-soluble phenolic resin and metal ions promote cross-linking agent. The water-soluble excellent multi-methylol phenolic resin was synthesized by two-step method,followed by addition of an appropriate amount of metal ions to improve their gelling properties. The two-step method could promote the reaction of phenol and formaldehyde,so the main product was multi-methylol phenolic resin. The introduction of metal ions promoted cross-linking agent to make excellent gelling properties. This new kind of crosslinking agent was odorless,low toxicity,and efficient. Based on this kind of water-soluble phenolic resin composite crosslinking agent,the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide showed good gelling properties. The minimum amount of cross-linking agent was 0.1% with high gelling strength; its gelation temperature could be adjusted from 60~120℃ and its gelling time could be controlled between 8h and 48h. The stability of gel system was more than 60 days. The composite crosslinking agent has great prospects in the field of oilfield water shutoff profile.

With acetone and ethylene glycol (acetone-EG) as new initiator,high molecular weight ionic polyacrylamide was polymerized under UV excitation,and the flocculation effect on primary coal slurry water was studied. Anionic polyacrylamide (HPAM),cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM),and amphiprotic polyacrylamide (APAM) were synthesized by copolymerizing acrylamide (AM) with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DDAC),respectively or at the same time. Limiting viscosity number ([η]) of the ionic polyacrylamide was taken as main factor to evaluate the optimal synthesis process parameters for each type of polyacrylamide. Three type ionic polyacrylamide maximum limiting viscosity numbers can be reached:[η]_HPAM=1760mL/g;[η]_CPAM=980mL/g;[η]_APAM=1120mL/g. When one of HPAM,CPAM and APAM was added to the primary coal slurry water as a flocculant agent and with the dosages of 3-4mg/L, 4-5mg/L and 4-5mg/L,respectively,the lowest coal slurry turbidity could be reduced to 0.9FTU, 1.3FTU and 0.9FTU,the maximum flocculation settling velocity was reached at 61.6cm/min,51.8cm/min and 58.2cm/min,respectively.

NO_x is one of the main pollutants leading to acid rain,smog formation and causing the greenhouse effect. NO_x emissions reduction is an inevitable requirement for green development. In this paper,the present situations of wet denitration technology were summarized. The denitration principles of wet denitration technology,including the alkali absorption method,the acid absorption method,the complex absorption method,the liquid phase absorption reduction method,the microbial method,and the oxidation absorption method,were introduced. The oxygen absorption denitration technology principles and technical characteristics of NaClO₂,NaClO,H₂O₂,O₃,yellow emulsion oxidation,photocatalytic,electric environmental technology and phosphate slurry with phosphorus mud integrated desulfurization and denitration method were expounded. The development of some new technology of denitrification was analyzed. Photocatalytic and electric environmental technology are developing rapidly and have many advantages,which is an important direction of the coupling of wet denitration. By coupling phosphorus chemical with wet denitration technology and taking full advantage of all aspects of phosphorus chemical production,the integration of internal circulation of raw material and products was achieved. The simultaneous technology route of desulfurization and denitrification in phosphate slurry with phosphorus mud has a good application prospect in phosphorus chemical industry. It was pointed out that in the future the overall requirements of denitration technology would be low-cost,efficient and green. The overall technology trend would be coupling with multiple techniques to achieve the synergistically removal of various pollutants. Different regions and industries adapted to different denitration technologies. Therefore, the resource conditions and product usages should be based on to rationally select technical methods,and to reduce NO_x emissions and the processing and recovering costs,as well as to improve the economy efficiency.

With the development of industry,water pollution as one of the environmental issues has been paid more and more attention around the world. Organic wastewater,which is highly toxicity and difficult to degrade,has become a serious problem in recent years. Dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma can cause a variety of physical and chemical effects,which combines ozonation,ultraviolet degradation,pyrolysis,free radical oxidation in one technology,providing a new method for aqueous organics control. In the present work,the effects of additives on the degradation of methylene blue(MB) using self-design double-chamber DBD reactor was studied. Under the same experimental conditions,adding NaCl,Na₂SO₄ or NaNO₃ had little effect on MB degradation,adding NaHCO₃ or Na₂CO₃ weakened MB decomposition process using plasma,while adding Na₃PO₄ or NaNO₂ has serious inhibited MB degradation. After adding Na₃PO₄ or NaNO₂,the degradation efficiency of MB was 1/3 of that with no additives under the same experimental conditions. Scavenger of ·OH(t-butanol) would inhibit the degradation of MB,while scavenger of ·H(CCl₄) has little promotion effects on MB degradation. In addition,the addition of Fe²⁺ has limited role in promoting the decomposition of MB.

To facilitate the separation of chitosan powder after adsorption process,we adopted the sol-gel and freeze-drying method for the synthesis of millimeter-scale chitosan hydrogel beads(2.8 to 3mm),and further revealed the different adsorption behavior for Cu(Ⅱ) and Cr(Ⅵ) ions. Results showed that the optimum pH value for the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Cu(Ⅱ) ions was 3.0 and 5.5,respectively;The adsorption equilibrium achieved in 2h for Cr(Ⅵ) and 25h for Cu(Ⅱ) ions;The adsorption process for Cu(Ⅱ) ions was spontaneous and endothermic reactions with the increase of entropy. In a contrary,the adsorption process for Cr(Ⅵ) ions was spontaneous and exothermic reactions with the decrease of entropy;Desorption efficiency for Cu(II)-loaded CHBs(Cu-CHBs) was relatively low,while the desorption of Cr(Ⅵ)-loaded CHBs(Cr-CHBs) was conducted easily. Additionally,based on the results of FTIR and five models,including Langmuir isotherm,Freundlich isotherm,pseudo-first order kinetics,pseudo-second order kinetics,and intra-particle diffusion model. the adsorption process onto CHBs was monolayer chemisorptions for Cu(Ⅱ) ions and adsorption-reduction process for Cr(Ⅵ) ions mainly including monolayer chemisorptions together with multilayer physisorptions. The maximal adsorption capacities for Cu(Ⅱ) ions and Cr(Ⅵ) ions were 155.67mg/g and 185.08mg/g,respectively. This indicates that freeze-drying medthod enhanced adsorption capacity of CHBs are promising to solve the separation of chitosan powders.

To reduce the effect of unevenly-distributed fume parameters on the selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR),the state distribution of fume and its effect on the NO_x removal efficiency of a 220 MW coal fired boiler were numerically studied. Meanwhile,the optimization methods for atomization diameter and spray flux of reductant were discussed. It is found that the most suitable average diameter of spray drops varies at different heights to guarantee the sufficient reaction time of SNCR process in the temperature window. Furthermore,a whirl flow remains in the SNCR area,along with which reductants are enriched to partial furnace,thus causing an uneven distribution of NH₃/NO at the outlet. Accordingly,optimization strategies of atomization parameters are proposed:①Optimizing the average diameter of spray drops at different heights by layer;②Adjusting the distribution of spray flux in different regions according to the whirlwind characters under certain fixed molar ratio of NH₃/NO. The simulation results indicate that the optimization plan can promote NO_x removal efficiency to 42.1% from 36.8% and reduce NH₃ slip by 49% compared to those of fiducial injection condition at the power plant under a NH₃/NO molar ratio of 1.2. In addition,the optimization method gains preferred denitration results under higher NH₃/NO molar ratios,while the effects of optimization slightly descend simultaneously.

The low-carbon steel which is commonly used in the heat exchangers was modified using the method of electroless Ni-Cu-P. The fouling characteristics of iron bacteria on the surface of electroless plating of Ni-Cu-P were studied. A five-days fouling deposition experiments were carried out in iron bacteria suspension. The weights of the fouling deposition,the corrosion on the modified surface and the iron bacteria counts were recorded. The surface microstructure of electroless plating of Ni-Cu-P was analyzed. The samples were tested by means of the polarization curves and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,the changing rule of the polarization curves and the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were analyzed. The best equivalent circuit was fitted using ZsimpWin method. The experimental results show that the Ni-Cu-P plating could effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Compared with the plain low-carbon steel,it is found that the fouling deposition decreased by 89.1% and the weight loss resulting from corrosion decreased by 80.2%. Corrosion potential of the electroless Ni-Cu-P plating was higher than that of the low carbon steel. The corrosion current density was smaller than that of the low carbon steel. The capacitive are radius was greater than that of the low carbon steel. The corrosion rate of the electroless Ni-Cu-P plating decreased at the beginning,then increased,and reached the minimum at 12 hours.

Commercial organic bentonite was used as adsorbent to treat the phenol simulated wastewater. The microstructure and surface chemical properties of organic bentonite were characterized by N₂ physical adsorption analyzer,scanning electron microscope (SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Effects of adsorption time,dosage of adsorbent,temperature and solution pH on phenol adsorption performance were investigated and the kinetic characteristics in adsorption process was also studied. The results showed that organic bentonite belongs to the typical mesoporous materials in which the specific surface area and total pore volume can reach 31.7m²/g and 0.113cm³/g,and the pore size distribution is in the range of 3-24nm. Moreover,the organic bentonite exhibits obvious lamellar structure and rich surface functional groups. Adsorption time,adsorbent dosage,temperature and solution pH are the important factors on phenol removal. When adsorption time is 120min,adsorbent dosage is 2g,temperature is 30℃and solution pH is 7,the phenol removal rate and adsorption capacity of organic bentonite can reach 71.32% and 1.78 mg/g,respectively. The adsorption of phenol on organic bentonite follows the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.

The distribution process of NH₃ in the SCR marine mixing chamber was investigated by numerical simulation. The simulation model considered atomization,evaporation,and thermolysis of urea,and its interaction with gas turbulence. This model provides the detailed information of velocity field,temperature field,component field,and trajectories of the droplets. Production and distribution of NH₃ was affected by flue gas temperature,inlet turbulent intensity,and swirl mixing. It is found that,by increasing the flue gas temperature,inlet turbulent intensity or adding a swirl mixer,the evaporation and thermolysis of urea solution accelerated,and the distribution uniformity increased. However,if the swirl angle was too large,some drops would impact the wall of the pipe,which would decrease the NH₃ production. Comparing the cases of swirl angle with 15°,30ånd 45°,it is found that the 30°swirl mixer yielded the best performance,which decreased NH₃ distribution non-uniformity from 39.57% to 9.36%.

Environmental issues caused by copper pollution have seriously threatened human health. In this paper,zinc sulfide(ZnS) nanomaterials were successfully synthesized with the assistance of sonochemistry in an aqueous system of Zn(NO₃)₂·6H₂O and Na₂S·9H₂O for the removal of Cu²⁺ from aqueous solution. The prepared ZnS were characterized by means of FTIR,XRD,SEM and N₂ physical adsorption. The influence of initial concentration,contact time,treat temperature,pH and competitive cations on adsorption capacities was investigated. The results showed that the prepared ZnS presented a crystalline structure of cubic zinc-blende phase and are in irregular block forms. The pore structure was mainly caused by agglomeration and had a wide pore diameter distribution. It showed excellent adsorption performance and the adsorption capacity can reach as high as 629.8mg/L under the experimental conditions as ZnS dosage of 200mg/L,initial concentration of 400mg/L,contact time of 12h and treat temperature of 25℃. The addition of Na⁺ and K⁺ had no significant effect on the adsorption properties and the Cu²⁺ removal by the ZnS nanomaterials was based on the synergistic effect of ion exchange and adsorption.

Azeotropic and extractive dividing wall column were used for the separation of multiple azeotrope mixture or closing-boiling mixture. Steady-state simulation of the two processes was established by Aspen Plus. The different matching relationships between manipulate variables and control variables were determined through the sensitive analysis of steady state relative gain. Then,some two-point temperature control structures for azeotropic dividing wall column while several three-point (or four-point) temperature control structures for extractive dividing wall column were proposed in Aspen Dynamics. After adding dynamic disturbance,it chose the best one for each process:(1) best control structure for azeotropic dividing wall column:Q_MC/F control TMC,13,Q_RC/F control TRC,5,and (2) best control structure for extractive dividing wall column:RRM control TMC1,3,Q_r/F control TMC1,12,RRR control TRC1,3,αv control TMC1,9. Finally,through the analysis of the similarity of the best control structures,it showed that the control structure with the ratio of reboiler duty and mixture feed rate (Q_r/F) can achieve reasonable control performance,which reduced the overshoot of product purities and residual error of these two systerms.