The principles and typical process of synthesis of liquid fuels from indirect coal liquefaction are discussed. The development history and recent advances in indirect coal liquefaction technology are reviewed. The process routes and critical issues, including gasifier, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis reactor and catalyst are also discussed. The technical economics of the process is analyzed and its commercialization development prospect is presented. The analysis shows that constructing commercial scale indirect coal liquefaction plant is not only technically and economically feasible, but also promoting commercialization of indirect coal liquefaction technology and accelerating the formation of China’s technology and industry of energy source conversion.

The origins and main distribution areas of global lithium-containing salt lakes are discussed though the analysis of material sources of lithium-containing salt lakes in the paper. The deposits of lithium resource of global lithium-contained salt lakes are presented. According to the chemical composition of brine，the lithium-containing salt lakes can be divided into three categories：carbonate，sulfate and chloride. According to the value of Mg/Li ratio，the brine can be further divided into high and low ratio of Mg/Li. The development processes of lithium resources in different types of lithium-containing salt lakes are reviewed. The following problems should be solved in commercialization of lithium extraction from salt lake：lower energy consumption; simpler process; lower cost; less pollution; emphasizing on comprehensive development and utilization of minerals; improving the added value of minerals; combination of lithium extraction with environmental pretention.

The characteristics of the packed extraction column as well as the selection and development of packing in the packed extraction column were reviewed in this paper. The industrial application of the part of the packing was exemplified. Various theoretical models and methods used to study the mass transfer and fluid dynamics characteristics of the packed extraction column were described. The research methods of the packed extraction column consist of experimental method, empirical formula and simulation method. The droplet diameter, the dispersed phase volume fraction, the flooding velocity and slip speed by experiment can be obtained accurately, while detailed microscopic information of the flow field, temperature field and concentration field through computer simulation can be acquired. It can be foreseen that the combination of experimental method, empirical formula, computer simulation will become an effective methods to solve the problems of mass transfer and fluid dynamics of the packed extraction column.

The processes and technologies of oil shale retorting are presented. Retorting is a complex process of heat transfer and pyrolysis, and is the critical process in the production of oil from oil shale. The technologies of Galloper, Tosco Ⅱ, LR technology and ATP technology are reviewed. The influence of retorting temperature on oil yield is analyzed and the importance of retorting temperature for the whole reactor is indicated. The impact of temperature on carbonization is highlighted, and the importance of temperature measurement and its techniques is emphasized. The temperature measurement of rotary oil shale retort is presented and the existing common methods for temperature measurement are summarized. The problems about rotary oil shale reactor and the measures for temperature control, system detection, infrared thermometry are discussed.

This paper introduced the structure and working principle of Oscillating Heat Pipes (OHPs) and reviewed recent experimental and theoretical studies that involving visualization，thermal characteristics，theoretical/analytical models as well as the progress in nanofluid OHPs and micro OHPs. The applications of OHPs available in diverse areas were summarized. Key factors influencing the development of OHPs，such as model prediction，design optimization and heat transfer limit，were discussed.

This paper mainly describes the principles of organic ultraviolet photodetector，performance parameters and the main influencing factors. Performance parameters include response，detectivity，quantum efficiency and photocurrent response curve. Influencing factors include energy level，absorption，emission，carrier mobility of donor and acceptor materials，device structure and so on. Furthermore，we elaborated their impacting mechanism and the methods to improve performance of organic ultraviolet photodetector. Simultaneously，material selection and performance improvement of organic ultraviolet photodetectors in the future were also prospected.

The study on energy saving has an important significance for promoting the development of china’s coal to synthetic natural gas (SNG) demonstration project. The paper analyzes the energy utilization of a typical coal to SNG plant and determines the energy/materials consumption of each unit process, and the results show that coal gasifier and captive power plant are more prominent. It is pointed out that the following three ways, technological innovation of key process, e.g., BGL(British Gas-Lurgi) gasifier and low/isothermal temperature methanation reactor; cascade utilization of energy and heat exchanger network integration; as well as an efficient energy management system, would be of significant for improving the energy efficiency. This paper provides an insight into analysis and guidance in determining the optimal schemes for energy saving in coal to SNG plants.

In this paper，an optimization method based on the line-up competition algorithm (LCA) coupled with a sequential process simulator was proposed for optimizing distillation operation process. The distillation operation process was simulated by Aspen Plus and optimized by LCA through the interface of Matlab and Aspen Plus. The proposed method has been applied to the main fractionator of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) in a major refinery plant. The heat energy use and p?roduct distribution were both considered in the objective function. The best overall benefit scheme was obtained after the optimization process.

A new matrix model based on exergoeconomic analysis method was presented in this paper. The model could overcome the traditional exergoeconomic analysis lacking description of the environmental costs. This proposed method can also track the product cost formation process in the full process life cycle，it is a useful exploration to reveal the true cost of the system products. To meet the requirements for the full rank of the matrix，a new principle to construct the supplement equation was developed to consider the environmental emission streams. The proposed method was illustrated by means of a co-feed and co-production system example. Detailed exergoeconomic analysis matrix models were established. The results revealed the formation process for the unit exergetic cost and unit exergoeconomic cost within the system，as well as their variation. Both the unit exergy cost and the unit exergoeconomic cost increased gradually according to the production processes.

Through comparing adsorption and desorption characteristics of milk vetch root (Astragalus) isoflavones on five types of macroporous resin, it was found that X-5 macroporous resin was the most suitable one for the adsorption of isoflavones. Static adsorption experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics. Kinetics study indicated that the adsorption process could be best described by the pseudo-second-order model, and was controlled mainly by intra-particle diffusion. The isothermal adsorption followed the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic properties, i.e. ΔG0<0, ΔH0=8.021 kJ/mol and ΔS0=62.51J/(mol?K), revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, endothermic and feasible and the change in enthalpy was the main driving force for the adsorption of isoflavones on X-5 macroporous resin.

Highly water selective pervaporation hybrid membranes were prepared by incorporating phosphotungstic acid (PTA) into sodium alginate (SA). The resulting membranes were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The membranes were tested for pervaporation dehydration of methanol at a higher methanol concentration of 80%─95% in the temperature range of 30～60℃. Experimental results demonstrated that with the addition of PTA the separation performance of hybrid membranes was notably improved. With 6% addition of PTA, the membrane separated 5% water solution at 30 ℃, total flux was 318.2g/(m2?h) and separation factor was 656.9, improved by more than 3.7 times and 26.3 times respectively. From the temperature dependency and permeation values, the Arrhenius activation parameters were estimated. The activation energy of all membranes decreased with increasing amount of PTA. It suggested that permeation was more easy through the hybrid membranes with the addition of PTA.

Based on the mechanical heat pump dehumidification principle, combined with the drying temperature requirements of washing machine, this paper designed a type of air circulations system under low temperature for the drying cycles in cloth dryers . A simulation model was established using EES software. This paper presented the thermodynamic performance and influencing factors of critical operating parametersusing theoretical simulation analysis. Results showed that the new system has significant thermal performance advantages compared to the conventional electric heating hot air drying system. The moisture extraction rate（MER） of designed system is 0.5018kW?h/kg decreased by 16.5%, which is a 16.5% decrease compared to the conventional drying system under the condition of 1.02 kg/h condensation rate. In addition, the drum operating temperature of designed system is 57.68 ℃, another significant decrease from 90 ℃ in the conventional system. Therefore, the designed system can effectively expand the drying range of clothes.

The production of synthetic natural gas from biomass (Bio-SNG) by gasification is an attractive option to reduce CO2 emissions and replace declining fossil natural gas reserves. Bio-SNG via gasification, cleaning, conditioning, methanation of the synthesis gas, and subsequent upgrading can be regarded as a ‘second generation’ renewable energy technology. According to the comprehensive analysis on synthetic technique of Bio-SNG，the process flowsheet abroad are analyzed and compared．Some suggestions are provided on development and applications of Bio-SNG technologies.

The performance characteristics of jet fuel and associated analytical testing indexes and the properties of aviation biofuel were discussed. The formulation and revision of the standard specification ASTM D7566 – 11a (standard specification for aviation turbine fuel containing synthesized hydrocarbons), the quality specification and blending requirements of aviation biofuel(Bio-SPK) were reviewed. Under the coordination of relevant national administration departments, government agencies, enterprises, such as PetroChina, research institutions, and other domestic resources should carry out systematic fundamental and application research regarding aviation biofuel standards with the consideration of international standards and China’s application reality to formulate a national standard for aviation biofuel in China. The setting of aviation biofuel national standard of China will promote the industrialization of aviation biofuel production in China.

Lignocellulose is a promising resource for bioethanol production due to its abundance, renewablility, and low cost. Ethanol production from lignocellulose biomass comprises the following critical steps：feedstock pretreatment, sugar fermentation, separation and purification of the ethanol, among which pretreatment step is identified as technological bottleneck for commercialization of cellulosic ethanol technology. The characteristics and technological processes of typical pretreatment methods are reviewed, such as acid pretreatment, alkali pretreatment, steam explosion, syngas etc., and the advantages and disadvantages, available materials and process efficiency of those methods are compared and discussed to provide guidance for the selection and evaluation of pretreatment process in cellulose ethanol production. Finally, the prospect of commercialization of fuel ethanol production from cellulosic biomass is presented．Reasonable integration of different pretreatment technologies will effectively improve the conversion rate. A preferable process design can help in reducing cost, contributing to the economy of the whole process.

A small-scale fluidized bed was used to study the reactivity of Ni-based oxygen carriers under the reducing conditions (CH4 and CO+H2) at different reaction temperatures (650 ℃,750 ℃,850 ℃,950 ℃). The results reveal that nickel-based oxygen carriers have a high reactivity in both CH4 and CO+H2 atmospheres, and the reaction is more complete under the atmosphere of CO+H2. Furthermore, carbon deposition is found in both reduction processes, but it is more serious in CH4 atmosphere. In addition, the increase of temperature has a great influence on the reactivity of nickel-based oxygen carriers as well as the degree of carbon deposition, but it has less effect on the reduction reaction when the temperature exceeds 850 ℃. Also, nickel-based oxygen carriers have a better reactivity compared with copper-based oxygen carriers, but it is easier to produce carbon deposition during the reduction process.

The strengthening of hydrogen generation process of ethanol steam reforming was realized by adsorption strengthened technology. The effects of temperature, water/alcohol, and liquid space velocity on the reaction characteristics of none-strengthened hydrogen generation from ethanol steam reforming were studied. Based on this study, adsorption strengthened reforming reaction characteristics of ethanol and water was investigated. The optimal reaction condition was determined by response surface method as the temperature of 423±1 ℃, the ratio of water to ethanol 10.5±0.3, and liquid space velocity 0.13 h?1. Under this condition, hydrogen yield is 3.2 mol/mol, hydrogen production rate increases 51.7%, the hydrogen content is 88.91%, and the hydrogen content increases 22.9%. Simultaneously, reaction temperature is lowered by 178 ℃, the energy consumption is reduced, CO2 emission is also effectively controlled.

Experiment was carried out to study the determination of microalgae lipids by solvent extraction with fluorescence spectrometry. In comparison with the gravimetric method，solvent extraction with fluorescence spectrometry is fast，simple，efficient and sensitive. Besides，algal samples can not be stored for a long time, which constrains determination of lipid. Meanwhile, it can measure the content of lipid at a low concentration, which can not be determined by the weighing method when the amount of algae is low. There are good linear relationships between density，dry weight，absorbance and fluorescence intensity of algae. The percentage of microalgae lipids accounting for dry algae weight can be obtained by the use of these linear relationships. Microalgae lipid percentage calculated by solvent extraction with fluorescence spectrometry was 10.45%, while microalgae lipid percentage weighed by the gravimetric method was 8.17%.

The coupling reaction of ethane dehydrogenation with reversed water-gas shift reaction over Cr/SiO2 catalysts was studied. The Cr/SiO2 catalyst promoted by Mn oxide has already been found to be active and selective in the reaction at around 740 ℃, with the selectivity to ethylene of about 99.7% at 47.7% ethane conversion. XPS results showed that Cr6+, Cr3+ and Mn4+ occupied on the surface of the catalysts. The addition of Mn benefited the redox cycle between reactants and catalyst and enhanced reaction activity.

Al2O3 as the carrier, Cu, Co, Ni, Pt/Al2O3 four kinds of single component catalysts (M/Al2O3) were prepared by impregnation method. The catalyst applicability and reaction behavior of hydrogen production via the steam reforming of glycerin with respect to the M/Al2O3 catalysts have been studied. The preparation conditions and reduction conditions of M/Al2O3 catalysts were investigated, and catalysts were assessed through activity, stability and the resistance to carbon deposition. Catalysts were characterized by TPR and XRD. Studies have found that M/Al2O3 catalysts showed some activity for the steam reforming of glycerin; wherein the Cu/Al2O3 catalyst has certain resistance to carbon deposition; Pt/Al2O3 catalyst showed better resistance to carbon deposition, high temperature activity, but poor stability; Co/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited good stability; Ni/Al2O3 catalyst exhibited good activity at low temperature.

A rapid growth of electronics industry in recent years leads to a growing market of electronic gases including ammonia. H2O is the most difficult component to remove among various impurities in the purification of ammonia. The recent progress of production and application of high purity ammonia was reviewed; more specifically, ordinary sorbents, including silica gel, molecular sieves and alumina, as well as sorbents, like getter metal alloys, metal oxides and metal salts, were discussed. Techniques based on chemisorption, physical adsorption and their combination were investigated, together with their adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the development directions of adsorptive removal of trace water were presented. It can be expected that techniques based on both chemisorption and physical adsorption with regenerable adsorbents with relatively high sorption capacity and fast sorption kinetics are most promising.

In recent years, the lithium polymeric cathode materials with high energy storage capability are hot research topics in the field of new electrochemical energy. In this paper, we introduced the structure, preparation，conductive mechanism and electrochemical properties of the radical polymers, conducting polymers, polysulfides and carbon-sulfur skeleton cross-linked polymers. This review focused on the characteristics of nitrogen-oxygen structure and high charging/discharging efficiency for radical polymers, as well as the synthesis methods and doping mechanisms for conducting polymers. Besides, the excellent storage capability of—(S—S)n— bond for polysulfides and carbon-sulfur skeleton cross-linked polymers was emphasized, that could result in an ultra high specific capacity for lithium batteries. Finally we pointed out that the tackling of capacity attenuation and degradability of polymeric cathode materials to ensure the cycling stability and optimization of synthesis and preparation processes shall be the focuses of future research work.

Using sodium borohydride as reducing agent, N-mPEG-grafted O-quaternized chitosan was synthesized by grafting mPEG-CHO onto O-quaternized chitosan by the Schiff base reaction. Divinyl sulfone cross-linked N-mPEG grafting O-quaternized chitosan microspheres were prepared by inverse suspension. Using ketoprofen as model drugs, the drug-loading capacity and release behavior of the microsphere was investigated. Experimental results indicated that introduction of quaternary ammonium groups and mPEG increased the drug loading with maximum capacity of 4.31 mg/mg. In vitro release results showed that N-mPEG-O-quaternized chitosan microspheres had better sustained-release performance in simulated intestinal fluid than in simulated gastric fluid, and the microspheres had pH- responsive capability.

To satisfy the requirement of research and production, it is important and necessary to obtain high xylanase-producing strain, which has great application potential of commercialization. Drawn from the relationship between enzyme activity and the site of sampling, we could draw some valuable conclusions about strain screening of high xylanase activity. For example, the samples should be taken from ligonocellulose rich and flat locations. In addition, we also reviewed the species of high xylanase activity producing microbe and the importance of carbon source optimization. This paper could provide some significant inferences about the screening of high yielding strain and fermentation optimization.

The research on fuel ethanol from lignocellulosesis a hot topic. Research progress of strains using pentoses and hexoses in ethanol production was reviewed. Progress of natural microbe, recombinant Zymomonas mobilis, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was presented. Direct evolution or changing a number of related gene cluster that make the overall level of the cell to adapt to xylose metabolism, and random mutagenesis and evolutionary engineering of the recombinant strains combining modern high-throughput screening are the focus of future research.

To provide theoretical basis and experiment guidance for continuous biobutanol fermentation using cheap sugar substrate, the effects of dilution rate and temperature on continuous biobutanol fermentation by Clostridium saccharobutylicum DSM 13864 using glucose as substrate were investigated. The results showed that acid accumulation and cell density were enhanced at higher dilution rates, while solvent production was improved at lower dilution rates. At dilution rate of 0.05 h?1 and 37℃, total solvent concentration of 11.57 g/L (7.29 g/L butanol) and solvent productivity of 0.145 g/(L?h) were reached. The continuous fermentation process using temperature-shifting strategy demonstrated that a lower temperature was beneficial to solvent accumulation. When fermentation temperatures of the first two stages (Ⅰ & Ⅱ) and the later two stages (Ⅲ & Ⅳ) were controlled at 37 ℃ and 33 ℃ respectively, total solvent concentration of 13.69 g/L (8.36 g/L butanol) and solvent productivity of 0.171 g/(L?h) were achieved.

Immobilization of Escherichia coli on cotton fiber modified by polyethylenimine coating and glutaraldehyde crossing-linking for succinic acid production was investigated. Compared with unmodified cotton fiber, static cell adhesion increased by 63.3% after the carrier was modified by PEI and GA. When 43 g/L glucose was put in fermentation medium, 120 g/L PEI-GA cotton fiber was added, and MgCO3 was used as neutralizer in batch fermentation, concentration of scuccinic acid was 29.6 g/L, productivity was 0.66 g/(L?h)and yield was 70.5%, increased by 11.3%, 37.5% and 7.5%, respectively. The batch fermentation of immobilized cells on PEI-GA cotton fiber was repeated seven times. The concentration of scuccinic acid, yield and productivity did not decrease. It suggested that PEI-GA cotton fiber as immobilization carrier was suitable for scuccinic acid production by Escherichia coli AFP111.

Alcohol/phenol polyoxyalkyl ether sulfonates have attracted increasing interests in their potential wide application to oil recovery for high salinity reservoirs due to good salt resistance, high temperature hydrolysis resistance, HLB adjustability and good compatibility with producing formation. The typical structures of alcohol/ phenol polyoxyalkyl ether sulfonates are introduced, their performance in high salinity reservoirs with high divalent cations is analyzed, and the progress of alcohol/phenol polyoxyalkyl ether sulfonates synthesis is reviewed. The sulfonation technologies include sulfite sulfonation, sulfoalkylation and sulfate group transformation. The advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis technology are discussed in terms of raw materials, yield, synthesis route and process. If hydrolysis of fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate sodium can be controlled, sulfate group transformation with AES as raw material has a bright future in industrial application.

1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU, Ⅰc) was synthesized from caprolactam and acrylonitrile, and five new photo base generators (PBGs) were prepared from DBU with five substituted benzyl chlorides by the two steps method. All the products and intermediates were characterized by LC-MS, 1H NMR and HPLC. The results indicated that the yield of compound Ⅰa was 98.1% and its purity was up to 97.8% when caprolactam and acrylonitrile reacted at 70 ℃ for 24 h in the presence of KOH. Ia was reduced by nickel to prepare Ⅰb, the yield was 91.1% and the purity was up to 98.0%. Moreover, in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid caprolactam and acrylonitrile reacted for 7.5 h, the cyclization yield of compound (Ⅰc) was up to 97.3% and the purity was more than 95.0%. Ⅰc reacted with benzyl chloride to synthesize the chloride salt of Ⅱa at 90 ℃, and then reduced to Ⅱa with hydrogenated lithium aluminum (0.7eq) at the yield of 76.7% and the purity reached 93.2%. Another four kinds of new PBGs were obtained by this method with the yield more than 70.0%, which indicated that the two steps method was appropriate for the synthesis of new PBGs. This improved the application of DBU and had great value for further study of PBGs.

In order to establish a method of determining the content of glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extractum after polysaccharide was extracted, the optimization of chromogenic conditions and investigation of methodology were carried out with vanillin-sulfuric acid as color development reagent and 535 nm as the maximum absorption wavelength. Optimal reactive conditions for 0.25mL sample solution were obtained as follows: color development reagents 2.5 mL 6 mg/mL vanillin and 2.0 mL 75% H2SO4, temperature 75 ℃, reaction time 25 min. This method had high precision (RSD=4.39%, n=6), stability (RSD=1.09%, n=60) and average recovery (X=95.93%, RSD=4.62%, n=5) and was reliable to determine the glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extractum after polysaccharide was extracted featuring convenience, accuracy, high stability and reproducibility.

5-Isocyanato-isophthaloyl chloride（ICIC）as a key functional monomer can be used to prepare the antifouling polyamide-urea RO membrane by interfacial polymerization. In this study, ICIC was synthesized with carbonyl chlorinating reagent of triphosgene (BTC). The substrate 5-amido-isophthalio acid reacted with BTC in the presence of composite catalyst to get the intermediate 5-chloride formylamine-isophthaloyl, then the resulting intermediate was refluxed to obtain the final product ICIC. The synthesis parameters, such as adding mode of substrate, catalyst composition and solvent combination were optimized, and the reaction mechanism was proposed. The results showed that the reverse adding mode was the primary condition of driving the reaction. It was also demonstrated that the composite catalyst of TEA/imdazole had the best catalysis performace, and THF/chlorobenzene was the optimum solvent combination. Furthermore, the chemical structure of product ICIC was identified via infrared spectra (IR), hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR) and mass spectragraph (MS).

With a strong acid cation exchange resin as a catalyst and hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant, the selective oxidation of methyl phenyl sulfide to methyl phenyl sulfoxide was studied for the first time. The oxidation was obviously affected by several key reaction factors. The optimal condition was determined as: methyl phenyl sulfide (8 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was conversed by hydrogen peroxide (8 mmol) into the corresponding sulfoxide at room temperature for 8 hours in the presence of D001 strong acid cation exchange resin (0.5 equivalent exchangeable hydrogen ion), under which both conversion and selectivity are beyond 99%. No significant activity change in the resin catalyst was observed even after 15 recycles. Using the similar procedure, other four sulfides have been successfully oxidized to sulfoxides with an excellent conversion and selectivity.

This paper summarized pre-treatment methods which would improve efficiency of biogas production of primary/excess sludge in recent years. These pre-treatment methods include physical (thermal pre-treatment，ultrasonic pre-treatment，microwave pre-treatment，mechanic pre-treatment), chemical (ozone pre-treatment, alkaline pre-treatment) and biological (enzyme pre-treatment) technologies. It is pointed out that the amount of ozone or alkaline added to primary/excess sludge is the key point of future research because it has great impacts on improving hydrolysis of organic matters and biogas production，influencing athermal effects of microwave to improve biogas production of primary/excess sludge and combined pre-treatment methods.

According to the mechanism of NOx formation during gas combustion，several low-NOx combustion technologies such as fuel-staged (reburning) combustion，swirling combustion，oscillating combustion，oxygen-fuel combustion and moderate & intense low-oxygen dilution combustion (MILD) were reviewed in this paper. Taking into account the characteristics such as structure and fluid in tube of petrochemical tubular furnace，the following conclusions were presented. Without changing the overall furnace conformation，a novel structure burner achieving fuel-staged combustion can be applied to reduce NOx emission. The swirling combustion will enhance mixing and combustion of reactants，but the impact on NOx formation needs further study. MILD combustion will occur more easily in higher heat release intensity furnace than the lower one. Also a combination of more than one low-NOx combustion technology will achieve better results than a single method.

The wastewater with high concentrations of dyes and salt from dye production process was treated by a new technological process of combining micro-electrolysis and ferric-carbon internal electrolysis. The factors affecting the removal of color and COD from the wastewater were investigated，such as ratio of solid to liquid，ratio of Fe to C，current density. Research on the most influence factors showed that when the ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶20，the volume ratio of iron to carbon was 1∶1 and current density was 9.26 mA/cm2，the process can get an excellent removal rate in the experience. After 30 hours treatment，the average effluence water color reached 1000，and the removal rate of COD was 56.5%. Considering treatment effectiveness and economical cost，micro-electrolysis and ferric-carbon internal electrolysis composited technology could be effective and feasible.

The static adsorption of quinoline on activated carbon fiber (ACF) was studied. The factors effecting adsorption efficiency and behaviors such as time，quinoline does，temperature，pH and organic compound were investigated. The results show that quinoline adsorption capacity on ACF was up to 210 mg/g at higher concentration and adsorption efficiency decreased with an increase of temperature. It was found that ACF had good adsorption properties when pH<7. The presence of organic substances inhibits the sorption efficiency. The adsorption isotherms conform to Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the adsorption process fits a pseudo-second-order model. The sorption parameters ΔH0 and ΔG0 were both negative，so the adsorption is spontaneous and exothermic. Scientific basis is offered for environment function material ACF using in industrial production. Based on the experimental results，dynamic adsorption experiment and treatment of coke plant wastewater is necessary. In addition，the problem of the respect such as high cost and desorption regeneration of ACF remain to be further studied.

In order to improve distilled water quality so that it can be used as oil field boiler feeding water and avoid scale formation during the evaporation process，the technology of non-thermal plasma (NTP) was employed in this research to pre-treat heavy oil wastewater before evaporation. First the wastewater was sprayed into NTP reactor tube with atomizers and contacted with ion & free radicals, and then it was sent to the evaporator. It was found that after pretreatment，the contents of SiO2，hardness，metal contents，oil and salinity of pretreated wastewater were reduced. Accordingly，all of these indexes of distilled water from wastewater evaporation decreased too；and for the left concentrated solution which was around 40 times concentrated，suspended solids in the solution increased greatly；while scale formation on the evaporator surface was inhibited. When compared the quality of distilled water with the requirements on oil field injection boiler feedwater，it was found that the quality of distilled water from wastewater evaporation met all the requirements except for the oil content. Low-temperature plasma，as a pretreatment technology，will improve quality of feedwater and prevent fouling during evaporation，providing a more effecitve，convenient way for recovering wastewater water.

To investigate the capacity of cyanide removal by biological aerated filter (BAF), two-stage BAF was used for treating cyanide wastewater in its start-up test. The results show that the removal rate of CN?、COD and TN in two-stage BAF decreased with the influent CN? increasing, under the condition of HRT of 7h in BAF1 and 5 h in BAF2, influent temperature of 20─25 ℃，air-water ratio of 10∶1, influent COD of 400mg/L (containing glucose). When influent CN? increased from 20.22 mg/L up to 65.23 mg/L, the removal rate of CN?、COD and TN were decreased from 92.1%、90.2% and 61.7% down to 59.1%、53% and 25.4%, respectively. BAF can get higher than 99% removal rate of CN? by 24 h reaction with initial CN? less than 35.34 mg/L. Degradation rate of cyanide in BAF decreased with higher initial cyanide concentration, and more time is needed in BAF to degrade cyanide completely.

Considering pressure factor in design and retrofit of heat exchanger networks (HEN) can improve its economic benefit. In this work, three schemes for the HEN in a diesel hydro-upgrading device are proposed with different consideration of pressure factor by Pinch technology. Scheme 1 without considering pressure constraints can recover heat to the maximum extent while the investment cost is the highest. Scheme 2 considers the pressure factor under the condition that the reaction feed pump can be replaced, which is suitable for the new design of the heat exchanger network. Scheme 3 considers the pressure factor under the condition that the reaction feed pump is kept unchanged, which is appropriate for the retrofit of the heat exchanger network. Compared with Scheme 1, Schemes 2 and 3 can significantly reduce the investment cost and have better economic benefits. The results show that the pressure can not be ignored in the synthesis of heat exchanger networks.

A coupling modeling method for integrated control was proposed for determining the optimal coupling point of chemical reaction and separation. Based on the principles of electrochemical reduction reaction and continuous chromatographic separation，the mass transfer equations of reaction and separation were simultaneously solved by using the concentration of electrochemical reaction as the initial boundary conditions for the inputs of the mass transfer equations of continuous chromatographic separation. The influence among the conversion rate of products，the separating efficiency and the electrochemical reaction time were disclosed. The demonstration for the potential of this modeling method was given by its application for the preparation of mannitol. The results showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental data. The method can be effectively used to predict the optimal coupling point of reaction and separation for mannitol preparation，and has the certain promotion application value.

A new stepwise optimization method for the minimization of energy and water in multiple-contaminant systems was proposed in this paper. For water networks (WUN), non-isothermal mixing inside unit operations between freshwater and reuse water was considered to reduce the number of heat transfer units. We can only consider heat recovery between freshwater and refuse water in heat exchanger networks (HEN). The nonlinear programming (NLP) model of WUN and mixed-integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) model of HEN were established. An improved particle swarm optimization was proposed for optimizing such systems. The results of an example showed that the optimized network was simpler and 2.4% of annual cost can be saved, indicating the feasibility and effectiveness of the above method.