Abstract:

Sensitive material refers to the material that can sense and respond to external conditions. It has the functions of perception, drive and control, which is the hotspot of current research. Among them, environmentally sensitive materials had been widely used in the field of oil and gas drilling and exploitation because of their high sensitivity, remarkable responsiveness and self-regulating ability. Environmentally sensitive materials can effectively improve the rheological properties of drilling fluid, enhance the plugging ability, the recovery and acid viscosity. In this paper, the research and application of pH sensitive materials, CO₂ sensitive materials, magnetic sensitive materials, temperature sensitive materials, salt sensitive materials and pressure sensitive materials were reviewed. The applications, synthesis methods, properties and other aspects of the above materials were analyzed. The future application of environmentally sensitive materials in the field of oil and gas drilling and exploitation was prospected. At the same time, some environmentally sensitive materials had some problems such as small response range, hard to degrade, poor stability and weak reservoir protection ability. It was suggested that better nanoparticles, polymers and functional monomers should be developed in the future to promote their further development in oil and gas drilling and exploitation.

Key words: environmentally sensitive materials, oil and gas drilling and exploitation, pH sensitive materials, CO₂ sensitive materials, magnetic sensitive materials, temperature sensitive material, salt sensitive material

摘要：

敏感型材料是指能感应外部条件并做出响应的材料，具备感知、驱动、控制功能，是当今研究热点。其中环境敏感型材料敏感度高、响应性显著、自调节能力突出，因此在油气钻采中有着广泛应用。环境敏感型材料可有效改善钻井液流变性、增强堵漏能力、提高采收率以及酸化增黏效果明显。本文综述了pH敏感材料、CO₂敏感材料、磁敏感材料、温敏材料、盐敏材料及压敏材料研究现状，并对上述材料从应用场合、合成方法、性能特性等方面进行分析，对环境敏感型材料今后在油气钻采中的应用作出展望，同时指出部分环境敏感型材料存在响应范围小、不易降解、稳定性差、储层保护能力偏弱的问题，建议未来环境敏感型材料应开发更好的纳米粒子、高分子聚合物、功能单体来推动其在油气钻采中的进一步发展。

关键词: 环境敏感型材料, 油气钻采, pH敏感材料, CO₂敏感材料, 磁敏感材料, 温敏材料, 盐敏材料