Abstract:

Pervaportion (PV), as a novel separation technology, has been applied in the industrial scope. The most important thing is its significant advantages in the separation of azeotropic and near-azeotropic mixtures. Compared with traditional separation methods such as fractionation, distillation and extraction, pervaporation technology has the advantages of economy, high efficiency and easy management. However, at present, pervaporation membrane materials with high quality and advanced membrane preparation methods are lacking. Pervaporation technology in recent years are reviewed and the research status of pervaporation membrane, firstly introduces the separation mechanism of PV technology, PV membrane preparation methods, application of PV technology in the industrial field, etc., and focus on the material liquid temperature, slurry concentration, velocity of material liquid, steam pressure difference, upstream and downstream of membrane materials and other key factors affect the performance of pervaporation separation. It is suggested that the future pervaporation technology should actively explore the membrane material, choose polymer as the material, and combine with the advanced membrane preparation method to further reduce the thickness of the membrane so as to significantly increase the membrane permeation flux.

Key words: pervaporation membrane, organic separation, osmotic flux, separation factor

摘要：

渗透汽化（pervaportion, PV）作为一种新颖的分离技术在工业范围内得以应用，至关重要的是它在恒沸混合物、近沸混合物分离方面的显著优势。相比分馏、精馏、萃取等传统分离方法，渗透汽化技术具有经济、高效、便于管理的优点，但目前缺少优质的渗透汽化膜材料和先进的膜制备方法。本文综述了近年来渗透汽化技术以及渗透汽化膜的研究现状，首先介绍了PV技术的分离机理、PV膜的制备方法、PV技术在工业上的应用领域等，并重点讨论了料液温度、料液浓度、料液流速、膜上下游蒸汽压差、膜材料等关键因素对渗透汽化分离性能的影响。文中提出未来渗透汽化技术应在膜材料方面积极探索，选用聚合物为材料，并结合先进的膜制备方法来进一步降低膜的厚度，从而明显地提高膜渗透通量。

关键词: 渗透汽化膜, 有机物分离, 渗透通量, 分离因子