Technology and standardization of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2021-0162

Abstract

Abstract:

As an efficient hydrogen storage method, liquid hydrogen will be widely used in the future, while relatively backward of the storage and transportation technology and the lack of related standards restrict the rapid development of the liquid hydrogen industry. This paper introduced the characteristics and development status of liquid hydrogen, compared different liquid hydrogen storage containers and transportation methods, investigated the current status of international and domestic standards of liquid hydrogen, discussed the urgent need for the establishment of liquid hydrogen standard system, analyzed the difficulties and future development of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology, and looked forward to the standard system of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology. The analysis showed that, for the storage and transportation technology of liquid hydrogen, reducing the evaporation rate of storage tanks and the cost of equipment would be an important development trend. Furthermore, a sound standard system was imperative for the development of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation technology. The LNG standard system had important reference significance for the standardization of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation.

Key words: liquid hydrogen, storage and transportation, standardization

摘要：

液氢作为一种高效的储氢方式，其应用前景十分广阔，但储运技术相对落后、储运环节标准化的缺失限制了液氢产业的快速发展。本文介绍了液氢特性及发展现状，对液氢存储容器类型和运输方式进行对比分析，调研了液氢国内外相关标准现状，并讨论了液氢产业发展对标准体系的迫切需求，阐述了液氢储运技术的难点和未来发展方向，并对液氢储运标准体系的建立进行展望。分析表明，减少液氢储罐的蒸发率、有效降低储运设备成本将是液氢储运技术未来重要的发展方向，液氢储运技术的发展需要建立健全的标准体系，液化天然气相关标准体系对液氢储运标准化具有重要的参考意义。

关键词: 液氢, 储运, 标准化

CLC Number:

TK91

CHEN Xiaolu, LIU Xiaomin, WANG Juan, ZHANG Bangqiang, YANG Haibo, YANG Yanmei, BAO Wei. Technology and standardization of liquid hydrogen storage and transportation[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(9): 4806-4814.

陈晓露, 刘小敏, 王娟, 张邦强, 杨海波, 杨燕梅, 鲍威. 液氢储运技术及标准化[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(9): 4806-4814.

Figures/Tables 6

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存储体积1m³（90g）氢	储器容积/L	总质量/kg	工作压力/bar
压力容器	10	17	0~100
Fe-Ti固态储氢	1.0	6.5	5~30
液氢	1.3	4.0	1.0

存储体积1m³（90g）氢	储器容积/L	总质量/kg	工作压力/bar
压力容器	10	17	0~100
Fe-Ti固态储氢	1.0	6.5	5~30
液氢	1.3	4.0	1.0

燃料与储氢方式	储能密度		储存3kgH₂（360MJ）		储存10kgH₂（1200MJ）
燃料与储氢方式	MJ/kg	MJ/L	kg	L	kg	L
汽油	43	32	8.3	11.3	28	37.5
LH₂	120	8.5	3	42.3	10	141
FeTiH	1.8	4.3	200	84	655	280
MgH₂	8.73	7.85	41.3	46	138	153

燃料与储氢方式	储能密度		储存3kgH₂（360MJ）		储存10kgH₂（1200MJ）
燃料与储氢方式	MJ/kg	MJ/L	kg	L	kg	L
汽油	43	32	8.3	11.3	28	37.5
LH₂	120	8.5	3	42.3	10	141
FeTiH	1.8	4.3	200	84	655	280
MgH₂	8.73	7.85	41.3	46	138	153

国家或地区	液氢产量/t·d^-1
美国	>326
加拿大	80
亚洲	>39.7
欧洲	24
北美	5