Abstract:

In order to avoid the negative impact of greenhouse effect, the reduction of CO₂ emissions has become an urgent task. As a potential CO₂ emission reduction technology, CO₂ mineral carbonation has attracted extensive attention. CO₂ mineral carbonation methods mainly include the direct dry carbonation route, direct aqueous carbonation route, and indirect carbonation route. At present, the key challenge in CO₂ direct or indirect carbonation methods is to improve the kinetic characteristics of CO₂ carbonation. The slow reaction rate and low carbonation efficiency are the main problems of the current technology. The traditional CO₂ amine chemical absorption method has the advantages of fast absorption rate, large absorption capacity, and absorbent recycling, but the energy consumption and operating cost are high. The integrated CO₂ absorption-mineralization technology (IAM) developed by the combination of the CO₂ amine chemical absorption and CO₂ carbonation process not only solves the problems of high energy consumption and low conversion rate of the traditional process but also simplifies the process flow and reduces the cost, which is beneficial to industrialization. This paper summarizes the research progress of CO₂ mineralization technology in recent years and compares the different characteristics of various technological routes. It points out that strengthening the research on the reaction mechanism of the IAM process and the development of efficient and economical absorbent and mineralized raw materials are the key of the future research of this process.

Key words: carbon dioxide, mineral carbonation, CCS, IAM technology, direct carbonation, indirect carbonation

摘要：

为避免温室效应带来的负面影响，CO₂减排已成为目前的当务之急。CO₂矿物碳酸化作为一种有潜力的CO₂减排技术，受到了学者们的广泛关注。CO₂矿物碳酸化方法主要包括直接干法碳酸化、直接湿法碳酸化以及间接碳酸化等不同工艺过程。目前，CO₂直接或间接碳酸化方法面临的关键挑战是提升CO₂碳酸化反应动力学特性；反应速率慢、碳酸化效率较低是当前该技术的主要问题。传统CO₂胺类化学吸收法具有吸收速率快、吸收容量大和吸收剂能循环再生的优点，但能耗和运行成本较高。将CO₂胺类化学吸收法与CO₂碳酸化过程结合而开发的CO₂吸收-矿化一体化技术（IAM）不仅解决了传统工艺高能耗、低转化率的问题，而且使工艺流程简化、成本降低，有利于应用于工业化。本文主要综述了近年来CO₂矿化技术的研究进展，对比了各种工艺技术路线的不同特点，并分析指出加强对IAM工艺反应机理的研究以及开发出高效、经济的吸收剂和矿化原料，将是该工艺未来研究的重点和关键。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 矿物碳酸化, 二氧化碳捕集与封存技术, 吸收-矿化一体化技术, 直接碳酸化, 间接碳酸化