Coupling optimization of energy-saving technology for cascade utilization of flue gas CO2 capture system

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2019-0911

Abstract

Abstract:

The alcohol-amine method is a mature CO₂ capture technology, which has the advantages of high absorption speed and good removal effect, but its operation cost is high and desorption energy consumption is large. Therefore, based on reducing regeneration energy consumption of CO₂ capture system in flue gas by amine method, the energy saving of conventional CO₂ capture system by amine method was studied in this paper. Based on the energy-saving research of conventional amine CO₂ process, the energy-saving technology of compressed heat pump was introduced, and the CO₂ capture process model based on compressed heat pump technology was established by Aspen Plus software. The coupling of compressed heat pump with MVR heat pump, split-flow desorption, distributed heat transfer and inter-stage cooling was studied. By simulation and optimization, the optimal energy-saving process combination was finally obtained as CO₂capture process of “desorption tower compressed heat pump+lean-liquid MVR heat pump+split-flow desorption + inter-stage cooling” coupling. When the split-flow ratio of top gas of desorption tower was 1/3, the split-flow ratio of rich and cold liquid was 0.05. The inter-stage cooler was located on 17 trays of the absorption tower. When the input cooling capacity of the absorption tower was -3.0GJ/h, the regeneration energy consumption of the system was the lowest, which is 2.533GJ/t CO₂. Compared with the conventional organic amine process, the energy saving rate was 39.748%.

Key words: CO₂ capture system, regeneration energy consumption, compressed heat pump, energy saving technology, model, optimization

摘要：

醇胺法捕集CO₂技术是一种较成熟的CO₂捕集技术，具有吸收速度快、脱除效果好等显著优点，但其操作费用高、解吸能耗大。本文以降低醇胺法捕集烟气中CO₂系统再生能耗为出发点，对常规醇胺法捕集CO₂工艺统进行了节能优化研究。在常规工艺流程基础上引入压缩式热泵节能技术，并利用Aspen Plus软件建立了基于压缩式热泵技术的CO₂捕集工艺流程模型。研究了压缩式热泵与机械蒸汽压缩回收（MVR）热泵、分流解吸、分布式换热、级间冷却4种节能工艺耦合，通过模拟计算与优化，结果说明了最佳节能工艺组合为“解吸塔压缩式热泵+贫液MVR热泵+分流解吸+级间冷却”耦合的CO₂捕集工艺流程，当解吸塔顶气体分流比为0.25∶0.75、冷富液分流比为0.05∶0.95、级间冷却器位于吸收塔17块塔板位置、吸收塔输入冷量为-3.0GJ/h时，系统再生能耗最低，为2.533 GJ/tCO₂，相比常规有机胺工艺（再生能耗4.204GJ/tCO₂）节能率39.748%。

关键词: CO₂捕集, 再生能耗, 压缩式热泵, 节能技术, 模型, 优化

CLC Number:

TQ413

Shijian LU,Lijuan GAO,Jiafeng WANG,Dongya ZHAO,Xin WANG,Quanmin ZHU. Coupling optimization of energy-saving technology for cascade utilization of flue gas CO₂ capture system[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2020, 39(2): 728-737.

陆诗建,高丽娟,王家凤,赵东亚,王鑫,朱全民. 烟气CO₂捕集热能梯级利用节能工艺耦合优化[J]. 化工进展, 2020, 39(2): 728-737.

Figures/Tables 23

References 16

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参数	组分	质量分数/%
组分参数	CO₂	20.33
	H₂O	4.10
	O₂	4.70
	N₂	70.58
物性参数	质量流量为23180.697kg/h，T=40℃，p=1.1bar

参数	组分	质量分数/%
组分参数	CO₂	20.33
	H₂O	4.10
	O₂	4.70
	N₂	70.58
物性参数	质量流量为23180.697kg/h，T=40℃，p=1.1bar

参数	组分	质量分数/%
组分参数	CO₂	3.61
	H₂O	76.39
	MEA	20.00
物性参数	质量流量为110000kg/h，T=40℃，p=4.313bar（泵增压）

参数	组分	质量分数/%
组分参数	CO₂	3.61
	H₂O	76.39
	MEA	20.00
物性参数	质量流量为110000kg/h，T=40℃，p=4.313bar（泵增压）

单元模块名称	参数
吸收塔	类型：RadFrace 塔板数：20 烟气进塔位置：20 On-Stage 贫液出塔位置：1 Above-Stage 压力：1.093bar
贫液泵	类型：Pump 出口压力：4.313bar
贫富液换热器	类型：HeatX 流动方式：Countercurrent 端差：10℃
压缩式热泵蒸发器	类型：HeatX 流动方式：Countercurrent 冷流出口温度70℃
分离器1	类型：Flash2 温度：40℃ 压力：1.01325bar
解吸塔顶气液换热器	类型：HeatX 流动方式：Countercurrent 冷流出口温度95℃
MVR系统冷却器	类型：Heater 温度：120℃
解吸塔	类型：RadFrace 塔板数：20 冷凝器类型：None 再沸器类型：Kettle 富液进料位置：1 Above-Stage 压力：1.14bar
富液泵	类型：Pump 出口压力：4.513bar
贫液冷却器	类型：Heater 温度：40℃
压缩式热泵冷凝器	类型：HeatX 流动方式：Countercurrent 冷流出口温度120℃
分离器2	类型：Flash2 温度：40℃ 压力：1.013245bar
产品气CO₂冷却器	类型：Heater 温度：120℃

Coupling optimization of energy-saving technology for cascade utilization of flue gas CO₂ capture system

烟气CO₂捕集热能梯级利用节能工艺耦合优化

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操作条件	设计值
进入吸收塔烟气温度/℃	40
进入吸收塔贫液温度/℃	40
补充胺溶液温度/℃	20
吸收塔内贫液流量/m³·h^-1	110
进入吸收塔烟气流量/m³·h^-1	18863
吸收塔内塔底压力/kPa	110
吸收塔内塔顶压力/kPa	102
解吸塔再沸器压力/kPa	120
解吸塔塔顶压力/kPa	120
冷凝器内压力/kPa	110

参数	设置范围
冷富液分流比	（0.01∶0.99）～（0.09∶0.91）
解吸塔顶气体分流比	（0.1∶0.9）～（0.3∶0.7）

参数	设置范围
冷量值/GJ·h^-1	-1.8～-3.5
级间冷却器所在塔板数	1～20

参数	设置范围
冷富液分流比	(0.01∶0.99)～(0.09∶0.91)
解吸塔顶气体分流比	(0.1∶0.9)～(0.3∶0.7)
级间冷却器所在塔板数	1～20
冷量值/GJ·h^-1	-1.0～-3.5

参数	设置范围
贫富液换热器2面积分配/%	20～85
分流进入贫富液换热器2的物流含量/%	10～85
分流后富液S5进塔塔板数	1～20

流程	系统再生能耗值/GJ·(tCO₂)^-1	节能率/%
常规捕集工艺	4.204	—
压缩式热泵+MVR热泵+级间冷却	3.080	29.101
压缩式热泵+MVR热泵+分流解吸	3.048	27.498
压缩式热泵+MVR热泵+分流解吸+级间冷却	2.533	39.748
压缩式热泵+MVR热泵+分流解吸+级间冷却+分布式换热	2.643	37.131

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