Abstract:

Boron is an essential trace element in living organisms, but excessive intake of boron can endanger the growth and development of plants and animals. In the existing boron removal technology, reverse osmosis membrane is considered as one of the most promising platforms for boron removal. Due to the small molecular diameter of the boric acid molecule and the absence of charge, the removal of boron by the reverse osmosis membrane still cannot meet the actual requirements. At present, optimizing the structure of reverse osmosis membrane and utilizing the special properties of boric acid are the main ideas for preparing high boron removal reverse osmosis membrane. The development of new membrane materials, optimization of interfacial polymerization processes and physical and chemical modification are effective ways to improve the boron removal performance of reverse osmosis membranes. The trade-off phenomenon of water boron transport is a major obstacle for the preparation of high boron removal reverse osmosis membranes and lacks models for water and boron transport. At the same time, the boric acid molecules have unique physical and chemical properties. The boric acid molecules are beneficial to study the polymer structure of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane, the transport mechanism of water boron in the membrane and the factors causing the trade-off phenomenon.

Key words: boron removal, membranes, reverse osmosis, separation, mass transfer

摘要：

硼是生命体中必不可少的微量元素，但是摄入过量的硼会危害动植物的生长发育。在现有脱硼技术中，反渗透膜脱硼被认为最具应用前景，但受硼酸分子的分子直径小和不带电荷等影响，反渗透膜对硼的脱除仍不能满足实际要求，因此制备高脱硼反渗透膜具有重要意义。本文综述了近年来反渗透膜脱硼技术的研究进展，重点阐述了提高反渗透膜脱硼率的机制，主要思路包括优化反渗透膜结构和利用硼酸特殊性质；改善反渗透膜脱硼性能的有效途径包括开发新型膜材料，优化界面聚合工艺和物理化学法改性等；制备高脱硼反渗透膜的主要障碍是水硼传输的trade-off现象和缺少针对水和硼传输的模型。另外，硼酸分子具有独特的物理化学性质，可以借助硼酸分子研究聚酰胺反渗透膜的网络结构、水硼在膜内的传输机制和引起trade-off现象的因素。

关键词: 脱硼, 膜, 反渗透, 分离, 传质