Abstract:

At present, air pollution such as haze has attracted great attention. Using efficient and inexpensive catalytic purification materials is one of the cores of pollution control technologies, and the development is of great significance. The novel monolithic catalyst prepared from flexible materials has become an emerging hot spot because of its high catalytic activity, simple processing and molding, flexible application, and easy in-situ regeneration. This paper describes the characteristics and applications of the catalysts based on flexible materials such as metal foams, organic foams and fibers. The typical synthesis process of the above flexible supported catalysts and their catalytic performance and the purification mechanism for gaseous pollutants (such as NO_x, toluene, formaldehyde, etc.) are highlighted. The application results of flexible supported catalysts in the field of denitrification are reviewed, including the mechanism of sulfur and water resistance, the synergistic dedusting and denitrification capacity of fiber filter catalysts and the high catalytic performance of carbon foam catalysts. By summarizing and analyzing the research results, application status and practical application of flexible supported catalysts, we further prospect the research direction, emphasis and difficulty in the field of environmental catalytic purification. improving the catalyst’s cohesiveness, activity, stability and matching design and optimization of moving bed reactor-catalyst will be the focus of the research and development of flexible and efficient integrated catalysts. Such catalysts could provide technical supports for the catalytic purification of the tail gas from small and medium-sized coal-fired furnaces.

Key words: flexible material, metal foam, organic foam, fiber, gaseous pollutant, catalysis, catalyst, selective catalytic reduction

摘要：

当前灰霾等大气污染问题备受关注，高效、廉价的催化净化材料作为污染治理技术的核心之一，其研发意义非凡。以柔性材料为基底制备的新型整体式催化剂因催化活性高、加工成型简单、应用灵活、易于实现催化剂原位再生等优点，成为环境催化领域发展的一个新兴热点方向。本文介绍了以金属泡沫、有机泡沫以及纤维等柔性材料为载体的催化剂特性和应用领域，重点阐述了上述柔性负载型催化剂的典型合成过程及其对气态污染物（如NO_x、甲苯、甲醛等）的催化性能和净化机制，综述了其在脱硝领域的应用研究成果，包括抗硫耐水机理、纤维滤布催化剂的协同除尘脱硝能力以及碳泡沫催化剂的高效催化性能等。通过总结分析柔性负载型催化剂阶段性研究成果、应用现状以及实际应用问题，进一步展望其在环境催化净化领域的研究方向、重点和难点。催化剂黏结性、活性、稳定性的提升以及移动床反应器-催化剂的匹配设计与优化都将是柔性高效一体式催化剂的研发重心所在，此类催化剂的成功研发将会为中小型燃煤炉窖尾气的催化净化提供技术核心与保障。

关键词: 柔性材料, 金属泡沫, 有机泡沫, 纤维, 气态污染物, 催化, 催化剂, 选择催化还原