Abstract: Microbial fuel cell (MFC) was a tool for generating electrical currents via oxidizing organic compounds by using microorganisms as a biocatalyst. It was an effective approach to alleviate energy and environmental problems in the future，because it can convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy with biomass reactions，with higher energy conversion efficiency. This paper reviewed the new advances of electrogenesis microorganism species application，electrode materials and their modifications in MFC. The main developing directions and problems in this field were analyzed. The screening and mutagenesis of electrogenesis microorganisms to the tolerance of different organic substrates，the development of high efficiency and low price electrode materials and the construction of easy scale-up model of MFC were the focuses of research. The development of MFC should be focused on the scale-up of reactor in wastewater treatment，hydrogen production，electrochemical synthesis and biosensor，and determination of the operation parameters and models.

Key words: microbial fuel cell（MFC）, electrode material, scale up, wastewater treatment, hydrogen production, microbial electrosynthesis, biosensor

摘要： 微生物燃料电池是利用微生物作为催化剂，氧化分解生物质同时输出电能的一种新装置，因其可将生物质中化学能直接转化为电能，可获得更高的能量转化效率，是未来缓解能源和环境问题的有效途径，引起了科研工作者的广泛关注。本文结合近几年微生物燃料电池的发展，综述了产电微生物种类、电池材料及其改性、反应器的放大以及微生物燃料电池应用方面的研究进展，分析了该领域未来发展的主要方向及面临的问题，指出筛选和诱导产电菌对不同有机底物的耐受性，开发高效价廉的电极材料以及构建易于放大的电池模式，是微生物燃料电池未来研究的重点。在此基础上，应该着重于反应器放大，深入研究其在废水处理、产氢、微生物电化学合成以及传感器方面的应用，确定其实际应用的相关参数和模型，为微生物燃料电池早日实际应用打下坚实基础。

关键词: 微生物燃料电池, 电极材料, 放大, 废水处理, 产氢, 微生物电化学合成, 生物传感器