Abstract:

In the background of Health China strategy, household products with healthy benefits, such as antibacterial fibers and antibacterial plastics, have attracted extensive attention because of their excellent antibacterial properties and applicability. Based on physiochemical properties of antibacterial materials, academic researchers and engineers from industries have developed a variety of products. This review summarized the antibacterial mechanisms of inorganic nano-antimicrobials including contact reaction mechanism and photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism, recent advances in nano-metallic species, nano-oxides and other nano-antibacterial materials and composite materials and related applications of inorganic antimicrobial agents, and antimicrobial household products such as antimicrobial textiles, antimicrobial plastics, antimicrobial coatings, antimicrobial ceramics, water and gas filtration and purification. The analysis indicated that inorganic antibacterial materials should be paid great attention to in terms of structure optimization, antibacterial waste recycling and toxicity research, as well as green and sustainable development. In the future development, this review also pointed out potential trends (e.g. development of antibacterial materials with porous structures and multi-points for synergistic function, green synthetic technology in the background of Dual Carbon Policy and easy examination methods for household antibacterial products), some problems for nowadays applications of inorganic nanomaterials (e.g. difficulty in dispersion, compatibility and stability with polymer matrix), and forecastd future market prospects for household antibacterial products.

Key words: inorganic nano-antibacterial materials, household products, antimicrobial activity, antibacterial mechanism

摘要：

在健康中国战略背景下，具有健康功能的家居产品，如抗菌纤维和抗菌塑料等，由于其良好抗菌性和适用性等受到广泛关注。学术界和企业界根据抗菌材料的特性设计出不同的产品。本文综述了无机纳米抗菌剂的抗菌机理，包括接触反应机理和光催化抗菌机理；无机抗菌剂，如纳米金属物种、纳米氧化物、其他纳米抗菌材料及复合材料的最新进展；抗菌家居产品，如抗菌纺织品、抗菌塑料、抗菌涂料、抗菌陶瓷以及水、气体过滤净化等应用进展。分析表明无机抗菌材料在结构优化、抗菌废弃物回收与毒性研究，以及绿色可持续发展等方面还需高度重视。在未来方向上，本文也指出了可能的发展趋势（如多孔多位点协同抗菌材料开发、双碳政策下绿色工艺开发、居家抗菌产品的简便检测手段和多功能组合产品开发），目前无机纳米抗菌材料应用中存在的问题（如在聚合物中的分散性、兼容性和稳定性），以及展望了抗菌家居产品的市场前景。

关键词: 无机抗菌材料, 居家产品, 抗菌活性, 抗菌机理