Corrosion characteristics of transportation pipelines in oil-water emulsion with CO2: A review

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-1651

Abstract

Abstract:

The multiphase transport pipelines with oil and water are extremely susceptible to internal corrosion in the acidic environment with CO₂, which has become one of the key issues limiting the development of CO₂ capture and storage by the enhanced oil recovery technology. At present, the study of CO₂ corrosion behavior in oil-water system has become a hot issue widely focused on the field of pipeline safety and low carbon technology. Focusing on CO₂ corrosion behavior of steel in oil-water system, this paper summarized the behavior characteristics and research methods of CO₂ corrosion and compared the advantages and disadvantages of the commonly used experimental research apparatus and the characterization methods of corrosion rate. In addition, the effects of flow conditions, composition of water phase, water cut and stability of emulsion, flow pattern and corrosion product film on CO₂ corrosion behavior and the development of corrosion rate model in oil-gas-water multiphase environment were systematically described. Overall, the qualitative analysis and quantitative characterization of the CO₂corrosion factors in oil-water systems are gradually deepening. However, the correlation of the composition of oil phase and the microscopic morphology of emulsion with the corrosion rate is still unclear. In situ data collection can be carried out by coupling micro-instruments such as Focused Beam Reflectance Measurement in the existing macro apparatus. The effects of crude oil composition, interfacial wettability properties, emulsion microstructure and reversed-phase point on the CO₂ corrosion rate and film properties should be investigated. A general corrosion rate mechanism model considering the oil phase and emulsion characteristics are supposed to be established and gradually applied to engineering practice.

Key words: CO₂ corrosion, water-oil emulsion, corrosion rate, gathering pipeline, experimental research

摘要：

CO₂油水混输管道所处的酸性环境极易引起管道内腐蚀，成为限制二氧化碳捕集与驱油封存技术发展的关键问题之一。目前，油水体系CO₂腐蚀行为研究已经成为管道安全和低碳技术领域广泛关注的重点问题。本文着眼于油水体系中钢材的CO₂腐蚀行为，分析总结了油水共存环境中CO₂腐蚀的行为特点和研究方法，比较了实验研究常用装置的优缺点及其腐蚀速率的表征方法，系统阐述了油气水多相环境中流动条件、水相组成、乳状液含水率及稳定性、流动形态和腐蚀产物膜等环境和组成条件对CO₂腐蚀行为的作用规律及腐蚀速率定量表征模型的发展现状。总体来看，对油水体系中CO₂腐蚀行为影响因素的定性分析和定量表征正逐步深入，但油相组成及乳状液微观形态与腐蚀速率的关联性仍不明确，可在现有宏观装置中耦合在线粒度分析仪等微观仪器进行原位数据采集，探究原油组成、界面润湿特性、乳状液微观结构及反相点等油相因素对CO₂腐蚀速率及产物膜性质的影响机理，建立考虑油相和乳状液特性的普适性腐蚀速率机理模型并逐步应用于工程实践。

关键词: CO₂腐蚀, 油水乳状液, 腐蚀速率, 集输管道, 实验研究

CLC Number:

TE832

FU Xuan, XING Xiaokai, LI Xinze. Corrosion characteristics of transportation pipelines in oil-water emulsion with CO₂: A review[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2024, 43(10): 5353-5368.

付璇, 邢晓凯, 李欣泽. 油水混输管道CO₂腐蚀特性研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2024, 43(10): 5353-5368.

Figures/Tables 15

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研究装置	装置优势	装置缺点	常用表征方式	典型研究	主要研究结论
失重法高温高压腐蚀反应釜	建造成本低、操作简单、灵活性好、功能全面，可评价极端环境下材料性能，样品用量少，应用广泛	液体流动状态与实际管线差别大，无法直接研究不同流型下的CO₂腐蚀行为	失重法平均腐蚀速率	Liu等^[9]（2014）	氯化物含量增加使碳钢腐蚀速率出现临界值
				程远鹏等^[25]（2019）	CO₂/油/水环境中钢材的腐蚀速率与含水率正相关
				孟凡娟等^[36]（2020）	油水体系中3Cr钢相较于X65钢表现出更好的抗腐蚀性能
				张星等^[37]（2021）	乳状液对腐蚀速率的影响与液滴粒径相关，存在临界尺寸
				Zeng等^[6]（2022）	温度和CO₂分压会显著影响套管的CO₂腐蚀速率
三电极电化学腐蚀装置	装置成本低、使用方便、操作简单、耦合性强、应用广泛，可用于研究腐蚀动力学特性，分析微观腐蚀机理	要求溶液导电性好，在含油体系中存在局限性，高压体系应用较少	极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀速率	Porcayo等^[38]（2015）	以咖啡油为基础的衍生物具有良好的缓蚀性能
				Obot等^[39]（2019）	湍流效果的增加削弱缓蚀剂性能
				贾巧燕^[5]（2020）	X65钢在油水分层介质的油相中几乎不被腐蚀
				Ma等^[40]（2022）	静态条件下粗糙的表面减轻了CO₂ 腐蚀
				张志慧等^[41]（2022）	材料中铬含量的升高增加了CO₂腐蚀电流密度
				Li等^[31]（2023）	气相中O₂、SO₂或NO₂的存在加速X80钢的腐蚀
				Silva等^[14]（2023）	油品黏度影响乳状液类型和CO₂腐蚀速率
腐蚀模拟环道	流动形态可最大程度模拟实际油水混输管道，用于探究流型、流速和乳状液形态对CO₂腐蚀行为的影响，可分析特定位置腐蚀行为	装置建设和运行成本高，操作复杂，实验周期长，样品用量和占地面积大，温度和压力精密控制困难	通过耦合的测试段、搭载的电化学系统或腐蚀探针计算腐蚀速率	刘晓田^[42]（2014）	段塞频率的增大加剧管道腐蚀
				Li等^[21]（2016）	油水乳状液中腐蚀速率随含水率增加不断增大
				Silva等^[7]（2019）	原油的性质可影响乳状液的流动形态
				Wang等^[32]（2020）	通过油水交替输送降低CO₂腐蚀风险
				Silva等^[4]（2020）	5DP钢的CO₂腐蚀质量损失低于X80钢，表现出更好的抗腐蚀能力

研究装置	装置优势	装置缺点	常用表征方式	典型研究	主要研究结论
失重法高温高压腐蚀反应釜	建造成本低、操作简单、灵活性好、功能全面，可评价极端环境下材料性能，样品用量少，应用广泛	液体流动状态与实际管线差别大，无法直接研究不同流型下的CO₂腐蚀行为	失重法平均腐蚀速率	Liu等^[9]（2014）	氯化物含量增加使碳钢腐蚀速率出现临界值
				程远鹏等^[25]（2019）	CO₂/油/水环境中钢材的腐蚀速率与含水率正相关
				孟凡娟等^[36]（2020）	油水体系中3Cr钢相较于X65钢表现出更好的抗腐蚀性能
				张星等^[37]（2021）	乳状液对腐蚀速率的影响与液滴粒径相关，存在临界尺寸
				Zeng等^[6]（2022）	温度和CO₂分压会显著影响套管的CO₂腐蚀速率
三电极电化学腐蚀装置	装置成本低、使用方便、操作简单、耦合性强、应用广泛，可用于研究腐蚀动力学特性，分析微观腐蚀机理	要求溶液导电性好，在含油体系中存在局限性，高压体系应用较少	极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱和腐蚀速率	Porcayo等^[38]（2015）	以咖啡油为基础的衍生物具有良好的缓蚀性能
				Obot等^[39]（2019）	湍流效果的增加削弱缓蚀剂性能
				贾巧燕^[5]（2020）	X65钢在油水分层介质的油相中几乎不被腐蚀
				Ma等^[40]（2022）	静态条件下粗糙的表面减轻了CO₂ 腐蚀
				张志慧等^[41]（2022）	材料中铬含量的升高增加了CO₂腐蚀电流密度
				Li等^[31]（2023）	气相中O₂、SO₂或NO₂的存在加速X80钢的腐蚀
				Silva等^[14]（2023）	油品黏度影响乳状液类型和CO₂腐蚀速率
腐蚀模拟环道	流动形态可最大程度模拟实际油水混输管道，用于探究流型、流速和乳状液形态对CO₂腐蚀行为的影响，可分析特定位置腐蚀行为	装置建设和运行成本高，操作复杂，实验周期长，样品用量和占地面积大，温度和压力精密控制困难	通过耦合的测试段、搭载的电化学系统或腐蚀探针计算腐蚀速率	刘晓田^[42]（2014）	段塞频率的增大加剧管道腐蚀
				Li等^[21]（2016）	油水乳状液中腐蚀速率随含水率增加不断增大
				Silva等^[7]（2019）	原油的性质可影响乳状液的流动形态
				Wang等^[32]（2020）	通过油水交替输送降低CO₂腐蚀风险
				Silva等^[4]（2020）	5DP钢的CO₂腐蚀质量损失低于X80钢，表现出更好的抗腐蚀能力

影响因素	研究者	年份	研究装置/方法	水相	变量范围	主要结论
温度	魏爱军等^[43]	2009	三电极体系	模拟采出水	40~80℃	钢材的腐蚀速率随温度上升而急剧升高
	蔡乾锋等^[44]	2016	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	30~55℃	钢材的腐蚀速率随温度上升而逐渐升高
	Li等^[21]	2016	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	35~75℃	油水乳状液中腐蚀速率随温度增加而不断增大
	刘晓旭等^[45]	2017	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	40~110℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
	程远鹏等^[46]	2018	腐蚀反应釜和三电极体系	模拟采出水	40~80℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
	Zeng等^[6]	2022	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	30~150℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
CO₂分压	蔡乾锋等^[44]	2016	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	1~5MPa	钢材试样的腐蚀速率随CO₂分压的增加先减小后增大
	白羽等^[47]	2017	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	0.5~2.5MPa	腐蚀速率随CO₂分压的增大变化幅度很小
	Silva等^[7]	2019	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	0.5~2.0MPa	CO₂分压的增加提高了腐蚀速率
	Zeng等^[6]	2022	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	5~20MPa	钢材的腐蚀速率随压力上升而不断增加
流速	李建平等^[48-49]	2004/2005	腐蚀反应釜	—	0.1~2.0m/s	流速增加对腐蚀速率具有双重作用
	崔铭伟等^[50]	2015	OLGA模拟	—	20~170kg/s	流量的增加提高腐蚀速率
	Li等^[21]	2016	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	0.25~1.5m/s	油水乳状液中CO₂腐蚀速率随流速增加不断增大
	程振玉等^[23]	2022	CFD模拟	—	0.5~3.0m/s	流速增加对腐蚀速率具有双重作用

影响因素	研究者	年份	研究装置/方法	水相	变量范围	主要结论
温度	魏爱军等^[43]	2009	三电极体系	模拟采出水	40~80℃	钢材的腐蚀速率随温度上升而急剧升高
	蔡乾锋等^[44]	2016	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	30~55℃	钢材的腐蚀速率随温度上升而逐渐升高
	Li等^[21]	2016	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	35~75℃	油水乳状液中腐蚀速率随温度增加而不断增大
	刘晓旭等^[45]	2017	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	40~110℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
	程远鹏等^[46]	2018	腐蚀反应釜和三电极体系	模拟采出水	40~80℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
	Zeng等^[6]	2022	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	30~150℃	腐蚀速率随温度升高先增大后减小
CO₂分压	蔡乾锋等^[44]	2016	腐蚀反应釜	现场采出水	1~5MPa	钢材试样的腐蚀速率随CO₂分压的增加先减小后增大
	白羽等^[47]	2017	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	0.5~2.5MPa	腐蚀速率随CO₂分压的增大变化幅度很小
	Silva等^[7]	2019	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	0.5~2.0MPa	CO₂分压的增加提高了腐蚀速率
	Zeng等^[6]	2022	腐蚀反应釜	模拟采出水	5~20MPa	钢材的腐蚀速率随压力上升而不断增加
流速	李建平等^[48-49]	2004/2005	腐蚀反应釜	—	0.1~2.0m/s	流速增加对腐蚀速率具有双重作用
	崔铭伟等^[50]	2015	OLGA模拟	—	20~170kg/s	流量的增加提高腐蚀速率
	Li等^[21]	2016	腐蚀模拟环道	模拟采出水	0.25~1.5m/s	油水乳状液中CO₂腐蚀速率随流速增加不断增大
	程振玉等^[23]	2022	CFD模拟	—	0.5~3.0m/s	流速增加对腐蚀速率具有双重作用

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[2]	WU Jinxing, YANG Yukun, NI Shuo, LI Junchao. Experimental and numerical research on comprehensive characteristics of the sinusoidal tube [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(08): 2847-2853.
[3]	PENG Zhigang, ZHANG Jian, ZOU Changjun, CHEN Dajun, ZHENG Yong. Research on CO₂ corrosion resistance performance of one kind environmental response cement stone [J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2017, 36(05): 1953-1959.
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Corrosion characteristics of transportation pipelines in oil-water emulsion with CO₂: A review

油水混输管道CO₂腐蚀特性研究进展

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