Research progress in shear-thickening electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2022-2355

Abstract

Abstract:

Safety accidents of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) caused by impact, puncture and other external forces have become one of the main bottlenecks restricting their development and application. Shear-thickening electrolytes are designed by introducing specific nano-additives into traditional electrolyte to improve the impact resistance of LIBs. This review mainly discusses the definition, properties, principles, and influencing factors of shear-thickening fluids and their recent applications in LIBs. This review aims to summarize the relationship between the synthesis methods of shear-thickening electrolytes and their properties. It also suggests that the surface modification of nanoparticle fillers, the increase of length-width ratio and concentration can enhance the thickening properties of the electrolytes. Finally, it is suggested that the future development of shear thickening electrolytes is to design new functional nano-fillers to achieve the simultaneous improvement of thickening properties and electrochemical performance.

Key words: non-Newtonian fluid, rheology, electrolyte, nanomaterial, lithium-ion battery

摘要：

近年来因撞击、穿刺等外力导致的安全事故已经成为目前限制锂离子电池发展的主要瓶颈。针对这一问题，可以向传统电解液中引入特定的纳米添加剂，赋予电解液剪切增稠的特性，从而提高电池的抗冲击能力。本文主要讨论了剪切增稠流体的定义、性质、原理和影响因素，并回顾了近年来剪切增稠流体应用在锂离子电池中的最新研究进展。旨在总结剪切增稠电解液的合成方法与其性能的相互关系，提出纳米颗粒填充物的表面修饰、更大的长宽比尺寸和适当的浓度提升有利于增强电解液的增稠性能。最后，提出寻找和设计新的功能型纳米填充颗粒，实现电解液增稠性能和电化学性能的共同提升，将是剪切增稠电解液未来的发展方向。

关键词: 非牛顿流体, 流变学, 电解质, 纳米材料, 锂离子电池

CLC Number:

TM911

TIAN Xiaolu, YI Yikun, HAI Feng, WU Zhendi, ZHENG Shentuo, GUO Jingyu, LI Mingtao. Research progress in shear-thickening electrolytes for lithium-ion batteries[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(11): 5786-5800.

田晓录, 易义坤, 海峰, 吴振迪, 郑申拓, 郭靖宇, 李明涛. 剪切增稠流体在锂离子电池电解质方面的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(11): 5786-5800.

Figures/Tables 10

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纳米材料类型	剪切增稠电解液组成	临界剪切速率	电池性能（商用电解液性能）	冲击测试方法与结果	参考文献
气相SiO₂（14nm）	6.3% SiO₂+1mol/L LiPF6+EC/DMC	3.6s^-1	LiFePO₄/graphite 110mAh/g-5C （102mAh/g-5C）	冲击仪撞击扣式电池，0.639J	[63]
Stöber（数十纳米）	30% stöber+1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 130mAh/g-C/3	钢球撞击软包电池，5.65J	[66]
PMMA修饰SiO₂（79nm）	30% PMMA-SiO₂+ 1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 140 mAh/g-C/3 （141mAh/g-5C）	—	[68]
PMMA修饰SiO₂（79nm）	30% PMMA-SiO₂ +1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	有限单元模型模拟	—	[69]
AR5 SiO₂纳米棒（1760nm）	33% AR5 SiO₂ + 1mol/L LiTFSI + EC/EMC	10²s^-1	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 102mAh/g-C/10	弹道冲击测试，装甲板卸力37%	[70]
APTES修饰GF（3~10µm）	37.5% mGFs + 1mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	25s^-1	LiFePO₄/Li 100mAh/g-C/2 （120mAh/g-5C）	钢球撞击软包电池，2.04J	[71]

纳米材料类型	剪切增稠电解液组成	临界剪切速率	电池性能（商用电解液性能）	冲击测试方法与结果	参考文献
气相SiO₂（14nm）	6.3% SiO₂+1mol/L LiPF6+EC/DMC	3.6s^-1	LiFePO₄/graphite 110mAh/g-5C （102mAh/g-5C）	冲击仪撞击扣式电池，0.639J	[63]
Stöber（数十纳米）	30% stöber+1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 130mAh/g-C/3	钢球撞击软包电池，5.65J	[66]
PMMA修饰SiO₂（79nm）	30% PMMA-SiO₂+ 1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 140 mAh/g-C/3 （141mAh/g-5C）	—	[68]
PMMA修饰SiO₂（79nm）	30% PMMA-SiO₂ +1.2mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	—	有限单元模型模拟	—	[69]
AR5 SiO₂纳米棒（1760nm）	33% AR5 SiO₂ + 1mol/L LiTFSI + EC/EMC	10²s^-1	LiNi_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂/graphite 102mAh/g-C/10	弹道冲击测试，装甲板卸力37%	[70]
APTES修饰GF（3~10µm）	37.5% mGFs + 1mol/L LiPF₆ + EC/DMC	25s^-1	LiFePO₄/Li 100mAh/g-C/2 （120mAh/g-5C）	钢球撞击软包电池，2.04J	[71]

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