Abstract:

Pitch is a complex mixture of a series of hydrocarbons rich in thick rings aromatic hydrocarbons and their non-metallic derivatives with high carbon content. The development of pitch as a carbon material precursor for the preparation of supercapacitor carbon electrode material not only expands the application market of pitch and enhances its added value, but also responds to the national demand for new energy utilization. In this paper, the energy storage mechanism of supercapacitors was firstly described, and the structural factors and laws affecting the electrochemical properties of carbon materials for supercapacitors were discussed. The composition, structural model, sources and applications of pitch were outlined. Then, the research progress of pitch-based porous carbon for supercapacitor electrode materials was reviewed, and the characteristics and progress of pitch-based porous carbon preparation by activation method, template method and molten salt method were analyzed. A summary of the research on the modification of pitch-based porous carbon materials was highlighted. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of pitch-based porous carbon materials as electrode materials for supercapacitors were pointed out. It is suggested that the asphalt raw materials should be pretreated and carbonized to remove metal heteroatoms from the obtained carbon materials to obtain capacitor carbon with stable and long cycle life. The research on the carbonization law of four components in asphalt should be strengthened, so as to improve the carbonization rate of pitch-based supercapacitive carbon materials. The KOH activation method should be combined with other activation methods in order to reduce the loss of equipment and the impact on the environment on the basis of obtaining high-performance activated carbon.

Key words: pitch, porous carbon, supercapacitor, electrode materials

摘要：

沥青是由富含稠环芳烃的系列碳氢化合物及其非金属衍生物组成的复杂混合物，具有较高的碳含量。开发沥青作为炭材料前体，用于制备超级电容器炭电极材料，既拓展了沥青的应用市场及提升其附加值，更是响应国家对于新型能源利用的需求。本文首先对超级电容器的储能机理进行了阐述，探讨了影响超级电容器用炭材料电化学性能的结构因素及规律，概述了沥青的组成、结构模型、来源及其应用。然后综述了沥青基多孔炭用作超级电容器电极材料的研究进展，并对活化法、模板法及熔盐法等方法制备沥青基多孔炭的特点与进展进行了分析，着重对沥青基多孔炭材料的改性研究进行了总结。最后指出了沥青基多孔炭材料作为超级电容器电极材料的发展优势及不足，建议对沥青原料进行预处理联合炭化后脱除金属杂原子，以获得稳定长循环寿命的电容炭；加强对沥青中四组分炭化成炭规律的研究，以提高沥青基超容炭材料的成炭率；KOH活化法与其他活化方法相结合，以期在获得高性能活性炭基础上减少对设备的损耗与环境的影响。

关键词: 沥青, 多孔炭, 超级电容器, 电极材料