Abstract:

The carbon peak and carbon neutral target has been elevated to a national strategy, and relevant timetables, road maps and policy measures are being formulated and put into practice. As the world's largest energy consumer and carbon dioxide emitter, the proposal of the carbon neutrality target will trigger extensive and profound systemic changes in the energy field. It is urgent to explore new approaches for China's energy security and structural optimization oriented by the "double carbon" goal. Based on a horizontal comparison of carbon dioxide emissions and the development of energy technology in the United States, the European Union and China, as well as a vertical analysis of the characteristics of carbon emissions and energy consumption in China in recent years, the short-term strategy and long-term outlook for China's energy structure optimization were presented in this paper. On the basis of learning from the advanced energy science and technology policies of developed countries, it was suggested that China needed to base itself on its own national conditions, comprehensively consider its own energy resource endowment and the essential attributes of energy, use coal in a clean and low-carbon manner, utilize oil efficiently as a resource, supply natural gas in a diversified manner, and develop cleanly energy and continue to promote energy conservation and emission reduction in high energy-consuming industries. The prerequisite for carbon neutrality in the energy sector was to improve relevant policies and mechanisms, and took this as a guide to build a clean, low carbon, diversified and symbiotic energy system, continue to promote the collaborative innovation of "three-carbon" technology and energy digital technology, and construct an integrated intelligent energy system. Due to the complex evolution of the international situation, China's energy development should take into account the three goals of achieving the "dual carbon" goal, optimizing the energy structure and energy security. It was necessary for China to establish a dynamic and diversified energy strategic reserve system and energy cooperation mechanism to ensure energy security under open conditions.

Key words: carbon neutrality, energy security, energy structure, optimization, integrated energy systems

摘要：

碳达峰、碳中和目标已经正式上升为中国国家战略，相关的时间表、路线图及政策措施正在制订并落地实施。中国作为世界最大的能源消费国及二氧化碳排放国，碳中和战略的提出将引发能源领域广泛而深刻的系统性变革，亟须探索以“双碳”目标为导向的我国能源安全和结构优化的新路径。本文在对美国、欧盟和中国的二氧化碳排放情况和能源科技发展情况进行横向比较以及对中国近年来的碳排放特征和能源消费特征进行纵向分析的前提下，提出了中国能源结构优化的近期策略和远期展望。文中指出，我国需要在借鉴发达国家先进能源科技政策的基础上，立足本国国情，综合考虑自身的能源资源禀赋和能源的本质属性，清洁低碳利用煤炭、高效资源化利用石油、多元供给天然气、稳健发展清洁能源以及持续推动高耗能行业节能减排。能源领域碳中和的前提是完善相关的政策机制，并以此为引领构建清洁低碳、多元共生的能源体系，持续推进“三碳”技术与能源数字化技术协同创新，建设综合智慧能源系统。由于国际局势复杂演变，中国要统筹兼顾“双碳”目标实现、能源结构优化和能源安全三大目标，建立动态多元的能源战略储备体系和能源合作机制，确保开放条件下的能源安全。

关键词: 碳中和, 能源安全, 能源结构, 优化, 综合智慧能源