Abstract:

With the rapid development of the new energy industry, the recycling and treatment of spent ternary lithium-ion batteries have become increasingly urgent. The acid leachate from spent ternary powders typically contains impurity ions such as Al, Fe and Cu. Efficient removal of these impurities is critical for enhancing the quality of the recycling process. This work investigated a stepwise impurity removal process using phosphates to eliminate Al and Fe from the acid leachate based on thermodynamic analysis. Systematic investigations assessed the effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, initial solution pH and NaH₂PO₄ dosage on the removal efficiencies of Al and Fe. The feasibility of scaling up this process was evaluated using pilot production data from the treatment of 40m³ of acid leachate. The results indicated that over 99% of the copper was recovered as a mixture of Cu and Cu₂O. The removal efficiencies of Al and Fe were 98.88% and 99.81%, respectively, with minimal loss of Ni, Co and Li, demonstrating excellent impurity removal performance. This work provided an effective solution for Al/Fe removal from the acid leachate of spent ternary powders, offering significant potential for improving recycling efficiency.

Key words: spent ternary powders, leachate, purification, recovery, benefit assessment

摘要：

随着新能源产业的快速发展，废旧三元锂离子电池的回收处理问题变得日益重要。废旧三元正极粉料的酸浸液中通常含有Al、Fe、Cu等杂质离子，高效去除这些杂质离子是提升回收工艺质量的关键问题之一。本文通过热力学分析，采用磷酸盐分步去除酸浸液中铝和铁的除杂工艺，系统研究了温度、时间、初始pH及磷酸盐用量等因素对铝、铁去除的影响规律，并根据处理40m³酸浸液的试产数据分析了该工艺放大应用的可行性。实验结果显示，酸浸液中99.0%以上的铜以Cu和Cu₂O的混合物形式被回收，Al和Fe的去除率分别为98.88%和99.81%，去除效果显著，主元素Ni、Co、Li的损失较少。本文为废旧三元粉料酸浸液除杂提供了一种有效的解决方案，对提升废旧三元粉料的回收效率具有重要意义。

关键词: 废旧三元粉料, 酸浸液, 净化, 回收, 效益评估