Abstract:

The ammonia industry has made outstanding contributions to human food security and economic and social development, while also causing a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the production process. Green ammonia produced using renewable energy has the characteristic of “zero carbon” and significant carbon reduction effects throughout its lifecycle. It has become one of the hotspots for low-carbon industry development worldwide. this paper introduces the policies of the green ammonia industry, the current development status and progress of the green ammonia industry, and analyzes the market competitiveness of green ammonia in four downstream applications such as vehicle and ship fuel, hydrogen storage carriers, fuel power generation, and chemical raw materials. It is considered that the major global ship engine technology companies and ship manufacturers are developing ammonia fuel engines and ammonia powered ships which are gradually conducting operational tests. And the ammonia fuel engines for vehicles have achieved breakthroughs in related technologies in China. It is believed that ocean shipping is the first breakthrough area for green ammonia, and when the price of green electricity drops to around 0.20CNY/kWh with the advancement of new energy technology, global green ammonia vehicle and ship fuel will usher in significant development. Green ammonia will become increasingly cost competitive in the heavy-duty truck and ocean shipping industries. At the same time, ammonia has great potential for development as a hydrogen storage carrier. The cost of liquid ammonia synthesis and dehydrogenation accounts for over 85% of the total cost, and it is not sensitive to transportation distance. In the future, it will become one of the main forms of global long-distance transportation of bulk hydrogen. The sustainable development of the green ammonia industry requires support from technological innovation, industrial policies, and standard formulation.

Key words: renewable energy, green fuel, green ammonia, hydrogen storage carriers, development suggestions

摘要：

氨工业为人类粮食安全和经济社会发展做出了突出贡献，同时生产过程中也造成了大量二氧化碳排放。利用可再生能源生产的绿氨具有“零碳”特点，全生命周期减碳效果明显，在全球范围内已成为低碳产业发展热点之一。本文通过对绿氨产业政策、绿氨产业发展现状及进展的介绍，以及对绿氨在车船燃料、储氢载体、燃料发电、化工原料等四个下游应用市场竞争力分析，表明全球主要船舶发动机技术商与船舶制造商都在开发氨燃料发动机与氨动力船舶并陆续开展运行测试，国内车用氨燃料发动机已实现相关技术的突破，绿氨在远洋航运领域最先取得突破，当绿电价格随新能源技术进步降至0.20CNY/kWh左右时，全球绿氨车船燃料将迎来大发展，绿氨在重型卡车和远洋船舶行业将越来越具有成本竞争力。同时，氨作为储氢载体发展潜力大，液氨合成与脱氢环节成本占比85%以上，对运距不敏感，未来将成为全球大宗氢气远洋运输的主要形式之一。最后指出绿氨行业可持续发展需要技术创新、产业政策和标准制定的支持。

关键词: 再生能源, 绿色燃料, 绿氨, 储氢载体, 发展建议