Research progress of carbon matrix composite phase change materials

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0140

Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress ›› 2023, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (12): 6383-6398.DOI: 10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2023-0140

• Materials science and technology • Previous Articles

Research progress of carbon matrix composite phase change materials

WANG Chengjun¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), WANG Linqiang⁵, MA Jing¹^,²^,³^,⁴, MENG Shujuan¹^,²^,³^,⁴, DUAN Zhiying¹^,²^,³^,⁴, SUN Chufeng¹^,²^,³^,⁴, SHEN Tao¹^,²^,³^,⁴, SU Qiong¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Composite Materials of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
^3.Gansu Provincial Biomass Functional Composite Materials Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
^4.Key Laboratory of Utility of Environmental Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in Universities of Gansu Province, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu, China
^5.School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, Sichuan, China

Received:2023-02-03 Revised:2023-05-05 Online:2024-01-08 Published:2023-12-25
Contact: SU Qiong

碳基复合相变材料的研究进展

王成君¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 汪林强⁵, 马晶¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 孟淑娟¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 段志英¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 孙初锋¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 申涛¹^,²^,³^,⁴, 苏琼¹^,²^,³^,⁴()

^1.西北民族大学化工学院，甘肃兰州 730030
^2.环境友好复合材料国家民委重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730030
^3.甘肃省生物质功能复合材料工程研究中心，甘肃兰州 730030
^4.甘肃省高校环境友好复合材料及生物质利用省级重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730030
^5.四川大学空天科学与工程学院，四川成都 610065

通讯作者: 苏琼
作者简介:王成君（1985—），女，博士，副教授，研究方向为相变储能材料。E-mail：573728404@qq.com。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研业务费专项(31920230022);西北民族大学引进人才科研项目(xbmuyjrc2023011);甘肃省高等学校创新基金(2021B-065);国家自然自然科学基金(21968032);甘肃省科技计划(20YF8FA045);西北民族大学化学学科创新团队项目(1110130139)

Abstract

Abstract:

Phase change materials(PCMs) play a vital role in promoting the development of new energy sources and improving energy utilization. However, the defects of single organic phase change materials such as easy leakage, low thermal conductivity and weak light absorption hinder its wider application and develop. In order to solve these bottleneck problems and improve the utilization efficiency of thermal energy, carbon materials with excellent properties are used as carrier materials to encapsulate phase change materials to construct composite phase change materials with stable shape and enhanced thermal performance. This paper discusses the enhanced heat transfer mechanism of carbon materials based on relevant theories, focused on the research progress and challenges of organic phase change materials in different types of carbon-based materials, and introduced the application of carbon-based composite phase change materials in recent years in thermal management, energy conversion and storage, smart wearable textiles and infrared responsive materials. Finally, based on the combination of theory, numerical, simulation and experimental methods, the future research directions and advanced multifunctional applications of carbon-based composite phase change materials in thermal energy storage, transfer and conversion are prospected.

Key words: phase transformation, porous carbon, enthalpy, composite materials

摘要：

相变材料（PCMs）在促进新能源开发和提高能源利用率中起着至关重要的作用，然而，单一有机相变材料的易泄漏、热导率低、光吸收弱等缺陷阻碍了其更广泛的应用和发展。为了解决这些瓶颈问题，提高热能的利用效率，具有优异性能的碳材料被用作载体材料封装相变材料构筑形状稳定、热性能增强的复合相变材料。本文结合相关理论对碳材料强化传热机理进行了探讨，重点综述了有机相变材料在不同类型碳基材料中的研究进展和面临的挑战，介绍了近年来碳基复合相变材料在热管理、能量转换与储存、智能可穿戴纺织品及红外响应材料等领域的应用进展。最后，基于理论、数值、模拟和实验方法的结合，展望了碳基复合相变材料在热能存储、传递、转化方面未来的研究方向及其先进的多功能化应用。

关键词: 相变, 多孔碳, 焓, 复合材料

CLC Number:

TK02

WANG Chengjun, WANG Linqiang, MA Jing, MENG Shujuan, DUAN Zhiying, SUN Chufeng, SHEN Tao, SU Qiong. Research progress of carbon matrix composite phase change materials[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2023, 42(12): 6383-6398.

王成君, 汪林强, 马晶, 孟淑娟, 段志英, 孙初锋, 申涛, 苏琼. 碳基复合相变材料的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2023, 42(12): 6383-6398.

Figures/Tables 13

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碳材料	优点	缺点
碳纳米管	负载高，导电率高，太阳能吸收能力强，转换效率高	制备工艺复杂，易团聚，成本高
碳纤维	负载率高，导电性好，成本低	易团聚
石墨	导电性高，成本低，力学性能好	制备工艺复杂
石墨烯/GO/rGO	比表面积大，负载率高，高导电性，太阳能吸收能力强，转换效率高	制备工艺复杂，易团聚，成本高
MOF衍生炭	高孔隙率，比表面积大，孔结构可调，负载率高，转换效率高	高温易塌陷，制备工艺复杂，低热导率，成本高
生物质炭	原料来源广泛，绿色无污染，成本低	转化效率较低，热导率低
膨胀石墨	孔隙体积大，密度小，负载大，电导率高，成本低	膨胀系数大
碳气凝胶	形状稳定，孔隙率高，力学性能好	光热转化效率不高

碳材料	优点	缺点
碳纳米管	负载高，导电率高，太阳能吸收能力强，转换效率高	制备工艺复杂，易团聚，成本高
碳纤维	负载率高，导电性好，成本低	易团聚
石墨	导电性高，成本低，力学性能好	制备工艺复杂
石墨烯/GO/rGO	比表面积大，负载率高，高导电性，太阳能吸收能力强，转换效率高	制备工艺复杂，易团聚，成本高
MOF衍生炭	高孔隙率，比表面积大，孔结构可调，负载率高，转换效率高	高温易塌陷，制备工艺复杂，低热导率，成本高
生物质炭	原料来源广泛，绿色无污染，成本低	转化效率较低，热导率低
膨胀石墨	孔隙体积大，密度小，负载大，电导率高，成本低	膨胀系数大
碳气凝胶	形状稳定，孔隙率高，力学性能好	光热转化效率不高

支撑材料	相变材料	负载率/%	熔融温度/℃	熔融焓/J·g^-1	凝固温度/℃	凝固焓/J·g^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
SWCNT	PEG	98	56.7	165.4	42.7	151.6	3.43	[31]
MWCNTs	TDA ODA	98	35.8 50.6	261.1 274	27.6 41.6	264.5 273.8	0.45 0.397	[32]
CNTs海绵	PEG	90	59.47	132.07	41.8	128.7	2.4	[35]
CNTs阵列	RT100		87.5	195.5	104.9	193.1	4.17(Y，X方向)/12.3(Z方向)	[36]
CNS	石蜡		40.8	248.8	32.9	247.7	1.85	[38]

支撑材料	相变材料	负载率/%	熔融温度/℃	熔融焓/J·g^-1	凝固温度/℃	凝固焓/J·g^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
SWCNT	PEG	98	56.7	165.4	42.7	151.6	3.43	[31]
MWCNTs	TDA ODA	98	35.8 50.6	261.1 274	27.6 41.6	264.5 273.8	0.45 0.397	[32]
CNTs海绵	PEG	90	59.47	132.07	41.8	128.7	2.4	[35]
CNTs阵列	RT100		87.5	195.5	104.9	193.1	4.17(Y，X方向)/12.3(Z方向)	[36]
CNS	石蜡		40.8	248.8	32.9	247.7	1.85	[38]

支撑材料	相变材料	负载率/%	熔融温度/℃	熔融焓/J·g^-1	凝固温度/℃	凝固焓/J·g^-1	热导率/W·m^-1·K^-1	参考文献
CNPS	PW		38.1	147.9	51.5	153.1	1.42	[49]
rGO/GNPs	1-十八醇	86.7		196.2		234.1	9.50	[50]
GH	PW		57.3	145.2	47.6	139.2	1.82	[51]
AGAS	PW			179.8	104.9	184.5	8.87（纵向）/2.68（横向）	[53]
GCNT	PEG	80	50.31	128.7	32.9			[54]

Research progress of carbon matrix composite phase change materials

碳基复合相变材料的研究进展

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References 107

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支撑材料	比表面积/cm³·g^-1	相变材料	负载率/%	熔融温度/°C	熔融焓/J·g^-1	凝固温度/°C	凝固焓/J·g^-1	潜热保持率/%	参考文献
Cr-MIL-101-NH₂	1998	SA	70	71	120.5	56.92	117.59		[75]
HPC	2551	PEG	92.5	60.03	162			98.2	[77]
NPC-Al	2193.5	PEG		55.4	168.3			89.3	[78]
rGO@MOF-5-C	2726.9	SA	90	71.6	168.7	62.4	162.2		[82]
MOF-5-PC/ZnO	244.03	PW	90		80.37				[83]

支撑材料	相变材料	负载率/%	熔融温度/°C	熔融焓/J·g^-1	凝固温度/°C	凝固焓/J·g^-1	潜热保持率/%	参考文献
AGP	PA	100	60.2	52.5	53	51.9	100	[89]
SCGS	PEG	60.3	63	104.7	36	99.9	98.6	[90]
GPC	PW		39.53	157	36.9	162.7	80.1	[91]
GPPS	PEG	95.38	58.3	162.4	38.9	152.6	大于90	[92]
芦苇杆生物炭	PW	93.45	68.67	141.47	36.29	144.12		[93]

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