Research progress of purification of low-concentration coal-bed methane via hydrate method

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-1344

Abstract

Abstract:

The development and utilization of low concentration coal-bed methane (LCCBM) resources are of great significance to alleviating energy shortage and irrational consumption structure in China. The present situation of utilization of LCCBM is introduced. Through comparing and analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of several purification technologies of CBM, hydrate purification technology is considered to have great potential. The method of hydrate purification of LCCBM has the advantages of environmental protection, safety, high gas storage rate and simple raw materials, etc. At the same time, key problems such as reducing hydrate formation conditions, shortening the hydrate induction time and improving the recovery rate of CH₄ still need to be solved. The development of the basic theory of thermodynamics and kinetics of LCCBM hydrate and the mechanism research of the technology of purifying LCCBM by hydration are summarized. The research progress of LCCBM purification technology by hydrate method is described in three aspects: surfactants, new coupling technology and hydration reactor. Finally, the industrialization of LCCBM purification technology by hydrate method is prospected, and the following specific research directions are proposed: exploring the high-quality additive combination and combining it with multi-stage separation methods to purify LCCBM, further exploring the technology of coupling the hydration method with other CBM purification methods, optimizing the reactor structure and improving the economic evaluation system, so as to promote its industrialization process.

Key words: low-concentration coal-bed methane, hydrate, surfactant, reactor

摘要：

开发利用低浓度煤层气资源，对于缓解我国能源紧缺、消费结构不合理等问题具有重要意义。本文介绍了我国低浓度煤层气的利用现状，通过比较和分析几种煤层气提纯技术的优缺点，认为水合物法提纯技术具有很大潜力。水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术具有环保、安全、储气率高、原料简单等优点，同时仍需解决降低水合物生成条件、缩短水合物诱导时间、提高CH₄回收率等关键问题。重点概括了低浓度煤层气水合物热力学和动力学基本理论的发展以及水合法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的机理研究。从表面活性剂、新型耦合技术及水合反应器三个方面分别阐述了水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的研究进展。最后，展望了水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气技术的工业化前景，提出了以下具体研究方向：探寻优质的添加剂组合并结合多级分离的方法对低浓度煤层气进行提纯，进一步探究水合法同其他煤层气提纯法相耦合的技术，优化反应器结构以及完善经济评价体系来促进其工业化进程。

关键词: 低浓度煤层气, 水合物, 表面活性剂, 反应器

CLC Number:

TQ546.5

SHAO Weiqiang, LIANG Haifeng, ZHANG Xiyan, ZHANG Hua. Research progress of purification of low-concentration coal-bed methane via hydrate method[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(6): 3143-3150.

邵伟强, 梁海峰, 张锡彦, 张华. 水合物法提纯低浓度煤层气的研究进展[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(6): 3143-3150.

Figures/Tables 1

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LCCBM的提纯技术	原理	分析
变压吸附法	利用固体吸附剂对LCCBM中CH₄的选择性吸附作用来提纯LCCBM中的CH₄	技术较成熟、能耗低、工艺流程简单、操作灵活，但是对于吸附剂研制的技术要求很高
低温精馏法	利用LCCBM中CH₄和N₂两种气体沸点之间的差异，将混合气液化后进行分离	技术较为成熟，产品中CH₄的纯度高、回收率高，但操作条件要求高、设备投资大、危险系数也较高
膜分离法	利用CH₄和N₂在压力的推动下，通过溶解、扩散及脱附等步骤产生CH₄和N₂透过膜的传递速率不同来实现提纯	分离效率高、设备简单、能耗低、操作简单、可持续运行，但是膜选择性低、成本高、力学性能差
水合物法	利用气体与水在低温高压条件下形成水合物时CH₄优先于N₂包埋在水合物空腔中，从而实现混合气体的分离	技术安全、高效、节能、压力损失小、工业试验流程短，但是往往面临着分离效率不高、产品纯度较低等缺陷

LCCBM的提纯技术	原理	分析
变压吸附法	利用固体吸附剂对LCCBM中CH₄的选择性吸附作用来提纯LCCBM中的CH₄	技术较成熟、能耗低、工艺流程简单、操作灵活，但是对于吸附剂研制的技术要求很高
低温精馏法	利用LCCBM中CH₄和N₂两种气体沸点之间的差异，将混合气液化后进行分离	技术较为成熟，产品中CH₄的纯度高、回收率高，但操作条件要求高、设备投资大、危险系数也较高
膜分离法	利用CH₄和N₂在压力的推动下，通过溶解、扩散及脱附等步骤产生CH₄和N₂透过膜的传递速率不同来实现提纯	分离效率高、设备简单、能耗低、操作简单、可持续运行，但是膜选择性低、成本高、力学性能差
水合物法	利用气体与水在低温高压条件下形成水合物时CH₄优先于N₂包埋在水合物空腔中，从而实现混合气体的分离	技术安全、高效、节能、压力损失小、工业试验流程短，但是往往面临着分离效率不高、产品纯度较低等缺陷

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