Review of pyrolysis for waste tires and research prospects of pyrolysis products

doi:10.16085/j.issn.1000-6613.2020-0559

Abstract

Abstract:

Pyrolysis of waste tires, as an important disposal means, could effectively achieve its reduction, harmlessness and resource utilization. This article reviewed the influencing factors of pyrolysis process of waste tires and the progress of pyrolysis products, carried out economics evaluation, and analyzed environmental and societal benefits, pointed out the current problems in industrial pyrolysis process of waste tires, and prospected future application of energy-saving and environmentally friendly pyrolysis process. In combination with the existing industrial pyrolysis equipment, the process conditions and reactor configurations were optimized. Pyrolysis products, i.e. pyrolysis gas, oil and char, were further analyzed for greater values through modification and upgrading techniques. Based on environmental regulations and green development concepts combined various treatment technologies, it was proposed to develop process equipment suitable for pyrolysis of waste tires and waste tires disposal technology that integrated collection/pretreatment/pyrolysis/product recovery and quality improvement to achieve efficient and clean conversion and high value reutilization of waste tires.

Key words: waste tire, pyrolysis, treating and disposal processes, pyrolytic product, economics, reutilization

摘要：

热解作为废旧轮胎处置的重要技术手段，可以有效实现其减量化、无害化和资源化利用。本文综述了废旧轮胎热解的影响因素以及热解产物的研究进展，对废旧轮胎热解的经济、环境和社会效益进行了说明，指出当前工业化热解废旧轮胎存在的问题，并展望了未来节能环保式热解工艺的应用前景。结合现有的工业化热解设备，优化工艺条件和反应器结构型式，进一步分析了热解产物即热解气、热解油及热解炭的成分结构与应用，通过对热解产物改性活化与提质处理，创造更大的经济效益。提出应基于环境法规要求和绿色发展理念，糅合多种处理技术，研制适合废旧轮胎热解的工艺装备，开发集收集/预处理/热解/产物回收与提质于一体的废旧轮胎处置技术，实现废旧轮胎高效清洁转化和高值利用。

关键词: 废旧轮胎, 热解, 处理工艺, 热解产物, 经济, 再利用

CLC Number:

X783.3

Zhihui JIANG, Yang LIU, Yongmeng SONG, Zeyu DENG, Tianhao ZHANG, Jie FU, Wenya AO, Jianjun DAI. Review of pyrolysis for waste tires and research prospects of pyrolysis products[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2021, 40(1): 515-525.

蒋智慧, 刘洋, 宋永猛, 邓泽宇, 张天昊, 付洁, 敖文雅, 代建军. 废旧轮胎热解及热解产物研究展望[J]. 化工进展, 2021, 40(1): 515-525.

Figures/Tables 8

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技术	主要内容	特点
重建
原形利用	防护堤坝、游乐玩具等	处理量低，<总量1%
翻新	翻新轮胎寿命等同新轮胎寿命60%～90%	翻新率低；硫化过程中产生危害性有机物
材料回收
再生橡胶	加工制备成能重新使用的橡胶	二次污染严重、再生手段不够成熟，推广度低
生产胶粉	用于制备离子交换剂等	工艺不够成熟，造成二次污染
能量回收
焚烧	直接焚烧，部分能量得以回收	二次污染，产生二英、VOC、颗粒物等
气化	采用气化法处理废轮胎制取可燃气体	产品较少，与热解相比，经济性低
热解	无氧热分解，生产富含烃的热解气、油和热解炭	减量化、无害化，资源化综合利用好

技术	主要内容	特点
重建
原形利用	防护堤坝、游乐玩具等	处理量低，<总量1%
翻新	翻新轮胎寿命等同新轮胎寿命60%～90%	翻新率低；硫化过程中产生危害性有机物
材料回收
再生橡胶	加工制备成能重新使用的橡胶	二次污染严重、再生手段不够成熟，推广度低
生产胶粉	用于制备离子交换剂等	工艺不够成熟，造成二次污染
能量回收
焚烧	直接焚烧，部分能量得以回收	二次污染，产生二英、VOC、颗粒物等
气化	采用气化法处理废轮胎制取可燃气体	产品较少，与热解相比，经济性低
热解	无氧热分解，生产富含烃的热解气、油和热解炭	减量化、无害化，资源化综合利用好

过程	热解温度/℃	反应
初级反应	＜200	水分蒸发
	＞200	油类助剂、增塑剂等有机助剂分解
	200~300	天然橡胶分解
	250~500	合成橡胶分解
二次反应	500～900	Diels-Alder聚合反应及二次炭化反应

过程	热解温度/℃	反应
初级反应	＜200	水分蒸发
	＞200	油类助剂、增塑剂等有机助剂分解
	200~300	天然橡胶分解
	250~500	合成橡胶分解
二次反应	500～900	Diels-Alder聚合反应及二次炭化反应

催化剂	轮胎种类（粒径）	热解温度/℃	实验结论	参考文献
ZSM-5	汽车（1.0～1.4mm）	430	苯和二甲苯等芳烃产率提高	[27]
Al₂O₃	混合轮胎粉末（2.0～3.5mm）	450	热解油中芳香族化合物含量为84.6%	[28]
Ca(OH)₂		450	热解油产率最高，其中芳香族化合物降低至60.9%	[28]
天然沸石		450	热解油中芳香族化合物含量为71.0%	[28]
Si∶Al=3∶7	汽车（0.01～0.09mm）	500	热解油产率最高为55.7%，且芳香族化合物最高	[29]
Nano HZSM-5/γ-Al₂O₃	汽车（0.5～2.0mm）	400	对轻质烯烃的选择性更高	[30]
Ru/MCM-41	汽车（8～18目）	470	轻质烯烃产率提高	[31]
NaOH（35%）	汽车（20～100目）	550	热解油产率最高	[23]
Fe粉（35%）		550	热解炭产物分布影响最大	[23]
高炉渣（35%）		550	热解气产物产率最高	[23]
TiO₂	汽车（2.0mm）	550	热解气产率提高	[32]
CaO（2.5%）	汽车轮胎小块（100mm×120mm）	500	液相产率提高到48.0%	[33]
ZnO（2.5%）		530	液相产率提高到48.0%	[33]
CaO，ZnO，TiO₂		600	热解油和热解炭黑产率大幅度下降，热解气产率上升	[33]