Abstract:

The reaction of aromatics and olefins is widely used in organic synthesis. With the increase of environmental protection requirements, the traditional catalysts for the alkylation of aromatics have been gradually replaced by new green catalysts. Recent studies have found that ionic liquids and molecular sieves have a highly efficient catalytic effect on the reaction and are environmentally friendly. This article discusses the acidity of ionic liquids and molecular sieves, summarizes the corresponding catalytic mechanism, and analyzes related experimental and theoretical research work. The effects of the structures of ionic liquids and molecular sieves on their catalytic performance were also revealed, laying a foundation for further research on alkylation reactions. Analysis shows that ionic liquid can act as both B acid and L acid; molecular sieves mainly act as B acid, and its catalytic performance is closely related to pore structure, pore size and reactant size. Ionic liquids have poor stability and high cost, and molecular sieve deactivation is relatively fast. In the future, research needs to be conducted to improve the stability of ionic liquids, improve their preparation methods to reduce costs, and improve the molecular sieve structure to extend the service life.

Key words: ionic liquids, synthesis, catalysis, molecular sieve, structure-activity relationship

摘要：

芳烃与烯烃的反应在有机合成中应用广泛。随着环保要求的提高，用于芳烃烷基化反应的传统催化剂逐渐被新型绿色催化剂所替代。近年来研究发现离子液体和分子筛对该反应具有高效催化作用且环境友好。本文探讨了离子液体和分子筛的酸性，总结了相应的的催化机理，对有关实验和理论研究工作进行了分析。同时揭示了离子液体和分子筛的结构对其催化性能的影响，为烷基化反应进一步研究奠定了基础。分析表明离子液体既能作为B酸，也能作为L酸起催化作用；分子筛主要作为B酸起催化作用，同时其催化性能与孔道结构、孔径大小及反应物尺寸密切相关。离子液体的稳定性较差、成本较高，而分子筛失活较快，未来需围绕提高离子液体稳定性、改进其制备方法以降低成本及改善分子筛结构以延长使用周期等方面展开研究。

关键词: 离子液体, 合成, 催化, 分子筛, 构效关系