Abstract:

CO₂ fixation by algae can alleviate the global climate change and energy crisis caused by the burning of fossil fuels and it is getting more and more attention. However, the low CO₂ fixation efficiency of algae is the main obstacle to its wide application. Recently CO₂ bio-fixation using chemically enhanced microalgae has been attracting momentum. In this review, the CO₂ bio-fixation using chemical absorbents enhanced microalgae was summarized from two aspects, environmental characteristics of culture medium and physiological and biochemical characteristics of microalgae. Furthermore, the paper reviewed some adjustable parameters in the progress of CO₂ bio-fixation including the kinds of chemical absorbents, addition amount, adding method, adding time, etc. Finally, the paper put forward the common problem in the research of CO₂ fixation by chemical absorbents enhanced microalgae,which is the unclear mechanism and design principles. And then the future research direction from three levels of macroscopic, mesoscopic, and molecular was pointed out. Using omics analysis technology to reveal the regulation mechanism and essential reason for CO₂ bio-fixation using the novel chemically enhanced microalgae. Combined with "photochemistry-in situ microcalorimetry", the common pathway and changing law was mastered. Finally, the equilibrium correlations among the CO₂ supply, dissolution, mass transfer, and fixation are determined by visualization experiment. These will further facilitate the precise control of chemical absorbents and improve the carbon fixation efficiency of microalgae.

Key words: CO₂ fixation by algae, chemical absorbent, CO₂ capture and utilization technology, carbon fixation efficiency

摘要：

微藻固碳可缓解因化石燃料燃烧所造成的全球性气候变化和能源危机而受到广泛关注，但固碳效率低是限制其广泛应用的主要障碍，目前，化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳技术逐渐兴起。本文从培养液环境特征和微藻固碳生理生化表型特征两方面对化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳研究进行梳理和总结，其中所涉及的调变参数包括：化学 吸收剂种类、添加量、添加方式、添加时期等。最后，评述了现有化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳技术存在的共性问 题——作用机制和设计原则不清，并就该问题从微观-介观-宏观3个层面提出解决路径。运用组学分析技术，探究化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳的调控机制和本质原因；结合“光化学-原位微量热”测试技术掌握化学吸收剂强化微藻固碳的共性途径及其变化规律；通过可视化实验方法阐明CO₂供应、溶解、传递和固定之间的平衡关系。实现化学吸收剂的精准调控，提高微藻固碳效率。

关键词: 微藻固碳, 化学吸收剂, CO₂捕集与利用技术, 固碳效率