Abstract:

The design and operation of coking heater is the key technology of delayed coking. The paper expounded the development course of coking heater, summarized scale and heater type of the coking unit in each production enterprise of three major oil companies, and described the technical characteristics of double-sided radiant box heater and step heater. The key technology of coking heater developed in China in recent years was emphatically introduced form the coking mechanism of coking furnace tube, the characterization of raw material reaction and its industrial application. At present, most of the coking heater in the oil refineries are double-sided radiant box furnaces, and the newly-built devices mostly adopt the stepped furnace type. Based on the coking mechanism of the furnace tube in China, through the establishment of a coking raw material processing performance evaluation method, the coking furnace process simulation technology was developed, and new guidelines for the design and operation of the furnace tube coking were proposed, and a process technology that increased the reaction heat with a low temperature and long residence time was established. In the future, in the design and transformation of coking equipment, it is necessary to judge the coking characteristics in advance based on the nature of the raw materials, adopt advanced combustion methods, reasonable furnace tube layout and process design, improve the flow state in the tube, and optimize key operations, etc. On the premise of controlling the coking of the furnace tube, try to increase the cracking reaction depth at the furnace outlet as much as possible, so as to achieve the purpose of improving product distribution and extending the operation cycle of the device.

Key words: coking heater, development course, heater type, key technology

摘要：

焦化加热炉设计和操作是延迟焦化装置的技术关键。本文阐述了国内焦化加热炉的发展历程，汇总了国内三大石油公司各生产企业在役焦化装置规模和对应炉型，阐述了国内主要炉型双面辐射箱式炉和阶梯炉的技术特点。论文分别从焦化炉管结焦机理、原料反应特性表征及工业应用几方面着重介绍了国内近几年在焦化加热炉方面开发的关键技术。国内各炼化企业焦化加热炉目前大部分为双面辐射箱式炉，新建装置多采用阶梯炉炉型。国内基于炉管结焦机理，通过建立焦化原料加工性能评价方法，开发焦化加热炉过程模拟技术，提出了针对炉管结焦的设计和操作新准则，创立了低温长停留时间增加反应给热量的工艺技术。今后焦化装置在设计以及改造中，均需要依据原料性质提前判断结焦特性，采用先进燃烧方式、合理炉管布置和流程设计、改进管内流动状态以及优化关键操作等措施，在控制炉管结焦的前提下尽量提高炉出口裂化反应深度，从而达到改善产品分布、延长装置操作周期的目的。

关键词: 焦化加热炉, 发展历程, 炉型特点, 关键技术