Abstract:

The massive combustion of fossil fuels not only advanced the process of industrialization but also initiated severe climate and environmental issues. To mitigate ever-rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration and to achieve the 2℃ goal set by the Paris Agreement, CO₂ capture techniques have received increasing attentions and researches, and some technologies have already been demonstrated on pilot scale. In the context of constantly pushing forward energy conservation and emission reduction, intensifying current industrial processes via CO₂ capture is an emerging aspect of interest. In doing so, the original processes can be operated in a much more efficient manner with improved product quality and dramatically reduced CO₂ emission, making it a very prospective technical route. Here, starting from the mainstream CO₂ capture techniques, the advances of process intensification techniques towards CO₂ capture are presented with focus on the hydrogen production via steam reforming, water-gas shift and biomass gasification processes intensified by CO₂ capture, and CO₂ hydrogenation, CH₄ dry reforming and chemical looping combustion processes integrated with CO₂ capture. The techniques regarding utilization and conversion of captured CO₂ has also been briefly reviewed.

Key words: carbon dioxide capture, carbon dioxide utilization, hydrogen production, process integration, process intensification

摘要：

化石能源的大量燃烧在推进人类工业化进程的同时也使当今世界面临愈发严峻的气候变化和环境问题。为降低大气中日益增长的CO₂浓度并实现《巴黎协定》所设定的2℃目标，CO₂捕集技术得到了越来越广泛的关注和研究，其中部分技术已实现了小规模工业化。在持续推进节能减排的背景下，通过CO₂捕集对现有工业过程进行强化是CO₂捕集技术发展的一个新兴方向，如此不但可提高原有过程的效率和产品品质，还可大幅减少其碳排放，是具有应用前景的技术路线。本文从CO₂捕集的主流技术出发，介绍了面向CO₂捕集的过程强化技术，重点介绍CO₂捕集强化的蒸汽重整制氢过程、水气变换过程和生物质气化过程，以及耦合CO₂捕集的CO₂加氢过程、CH₄干重整过程和化学链燃烧过程，最后还对捕集后CO₂的利用与转化技术进行了简介。

关键词: 二氧化碳捕集, 二氧化碳利用, 制氢, 过程耦合, 过程强化